1. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Low Power Design in CMOS

2. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Why worry about power? -- Heat Dissipation DEC 21164 source : arpa-esto microprocessor power dissipation

3. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Evolution in Power Dissipation

4. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Why worry about power — Portability

5. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Where Does Power Go in CMOS?

6. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Dynamic Power Consumption

7. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Dynamic Power Consumption - Revisited

8. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Power Consumption is Data Dependent

9. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Transition Probabilities for Basic Gates

10. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Transition Probability of 2-input NOR Gate

11. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Problem: Reconvergent Fanout

12. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design How about Dynamic Circuits?

13. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design 4-input NAND Gate

14. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Transition Probabilities for Dynamic Gates

15. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Glitching in Static CMOS

16. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Example 1: Chain of NOR Gates

17. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Example 2: Adder Circuit

18. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design How to Cope with Glitching?

19. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Short Circuit Currents

20. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Impact of rise/fall times on short-circuit currents

21. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Short-circuit energy as a function of slope ratio

22. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Static Power Consumption

23. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Leakage

24. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Sub-Threshold in MOS

25. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Power Analysis in SPICE

26. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Design for Worst Case

27. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Reducing V dd

28. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Lower V dd Increases Delay

29. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Lowering the Threshold

30. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Transistor Sizing for Power Minimization

31. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Transistor Sizing for Fixed Throughput

32. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Reducing Effective Capacitance

33. Digital Integrated Circuits© Prentice Hall 1995 Low Power Design Summary