1. Chapter 16
Part 3
Pages

2. Terms to know Holocaust Kristallnacht Genocide Ghetto
Concentration Camp

3. The Holocaust
The systematic murder of over 11 million people by the Nazis
More than ½ of the above were Jews

4. European history of Anti-Semitism
The Middle Ages and Usuay
Banned from guilds, agriculture, trades
The Bubonic Plague
Need for a scapegoat
Pope Paul IV in 16th century
Russian pogroms

5. The need for a scapegoat
Hitler blamed Jews for the sad state of the German economy and for Germany’s defeat during WWI
Also…The Master Race: its purity had to be protected
Also racial heirarchy in Hitler’s Mein Kampf

6. Persecution Began As early as April 1933 Jews could not join the army
Have government laws
Marry Aryans
Attend concerts, universities
Had to wear Stars of David on their persons and places of business

7. The Nuremberg Laws Stripped of jobs, property, citizenship
Jews were encouraged to leave Germany BUT during the Depression, other countries who could not take proper care of their own citizens, were unwilling to absorb more people

8. Many Jews DID NOT want to leave
Their property, money, extended families behind
How would they support themselves in a foreign country
Anti-Semitism was not limited to Germany

9. The Berlin Olympics 1936 Provided full employment in Germany
Hitler wanted to show off his master race to the world
Restrictions on Jews were lifted
Many Jews thought that the worst was over

10. Jessie Owens An American sprinter Was Black Took 4 Gold Medals
Embarrassing for Hitler

11. Kristallnacht November 1938
A Polish student in Paris assassinated a minor German official in the German Embassy in Paris
The student was upset because the Nazis had “relocated” his family after the Polich invasion

12. Word of the Assassination reached Germany
Nazi Storm Troopers were ordered to attack Jewish homes and businesses
Other citizens were invited to join in
Broken glass everywhere
10,000 Jews were arrested and made to pay for repairs

13. Kristallnacht
Convinced most of the German Jews that it was time to leave
But by this time there was nowhere to go
BUT…children’s transports to Britain
Some individual true heroes

14. The United States Took people of “exceptional merit” Like Einstein
Gropius (architect)
Mann ( writer)
In the end, the U.S. accepted about 100,000

15. When refugees were turned away
We all knew what they were going back to
The St. Louis a German ocean liner with on board (more than 700 had immigration papers to the US)
Was forced to turn back
France took them in but then France fell!

16. The Final Solution An effort to exterminate all of the Jews in Europe
Only ¼ million left in Germany
But were rounded up in other conquered countries

17. First Resettlement (relocation)
Especially in Poland
Sent to live in walled-up Ghettos
Sometimes factories were built next to the Ghettos
Forced slave labor
Doctors weeded out those too weak, old to work

18. Then concentration Camps
Again, the weak were weeded out
The rest were worked to death

19. The Final Solution 1942 The Wansee conference Planned extermination
Preferred method: Gas
Six death camps built in Poland
Most infamous and largest : Auschwitz
12,000 gassed per day

20. The Survivors
1945 liberation
The Russians