1. Theories and Theorists
By: Katie and Cassidy

2. Psychodynamic
Main Theorists:
Sigmund Freud
Erik Erikson

3. Sigmund Freud 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939
Biography:
was an Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis
Was a qualified doctor of medicine
He carried out research into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomical at a hospital in 1882
became a professor in 1902
Theory:
Personality is defined by 3 stages
Id- instinctive part that drives people to seek satisfaction
Ego- rational structure that forms peoples sense of self
Superego- moral side that informs people of right or wrong
Thinks that human development is more than just central growth of language, perception, or cognition

4. Erik Erikson 15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994 Biography:
He taught in progressive and Montessori schools in Europe
Trained as a psychoanalysis and was interested in connections between psychotherapy and education.
He was the first analyst in the Boston area and he taught at many universities across America.
Theory- Human Development-Life is a series of stages through which each person passes.
Stage one- Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to one year)
Stage two- Autonomy vs. Doubt (two to three years)
Stage three- Initiative vs. Guilt (three to five or six years)
Stage four- Industry vs. Inferiority (six to twelve years)
Play is important, he supports schools with “free play” or “choice time”

5. Behaviorists John B. Watson Edward L. Thorndike B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura

6. John B. Watson Theories:
Biography:
American Theorist who studied animal experiments of the Russian scientist, Ivan Pablo
Translated ideas of conditioning into human terms
He could shape a persons entire life by controlling exactly the events of an infants first year.
Theories:
He could shape a persons entire life by controlling exactly the events of an infants first year.
One of his ideas was to discourage emotional ties between parents and children because it disrupted the child’s learning environment

7. Edward L. Thorndike Theories: Biography:
Focused on conditions of learning
Stimulis-response
Learning habits
Thought it was wise to pay close attention to consequences and behavior through reinforcement
Biography:
Studied conditions of learning
Known as “Godfather of Standardized testing”
Helped develop scales to measure student achievement.
Was famous for his unique tecniques

8. B.F Skinner Biography: Took the idea of “Tabula rasa” one step further
Behavior controlled by environment
Enforced that there is no behavior that cannot be modified
Theories:
Enforced that there is no behavior that cannot be modified
Cope effective with the world
Designed experience
Some said he used people as puppets

9. Albert Bandura Biography:
Developed another type of learning called social learning
Believes children follow the footsteps of their parents
Watched how children learned rules
Theories:
Believes children follow the footsteps of their parents
His theory is socialization-the process of learning to perform social rules
Things such as television, computers, and video games have a big impact on children’s behavior

10. Cognitive
Jean jacques Piaget

11. Jean Jacques Piaget 1896-1980 Biography:
Studied thought of processes and how they change with age
Had a great influence on child Psychology
Became an expert on development on knowledge from birth to adulthood
Born at the turn of the century
Longed a lifelong study of intelligence
Begin studying child thought processes (studied his own children)

12. Theories of Jean Jacques Piaget
Did not think intrinsic or extrinsic offered a full explanation for amazing, complex behaviors
Relied on both maturational and environmental factors
Believed that all species inherit a basic tendency to organize their lives and adapt to the world around them
Believes in an order of stages:
Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage
Concrete Operational stage
Formal Operational stage

13. Sociocultural
Lev Vygotsky

14. Biography of Lev Vygotsky
Born in 1896 in Byelorussia
Graduated from Moscow University in 1917
Got his literature degree
Taught literature and Psychology for the next 6 years
In 1924 he began working in the institute of Psychology in Moscow
Gathered a group of young scientists
Got tuberculosis and died in 1934 at age of 34

15. Theories of Lev Vygotsky
Believed in collaborative/assistive learning
Focuses on how values, beliefs, skills, and traditions are transmitted to the next generation.
Believed in connection between children and important people
Provides a helpful structure
Dictates that learning involves critical thinking and interation
In the zone of proximal development
Private speech