1. Young children growing, thinking, and learning

2. Focus Questions
What is DAP? What are five major theories of development? What patterns make up physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development? How can knowledge about child development affect curriculum planning, identifying special needs, and understanding the relationship of diversity?

3. Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP)
Age Appropriate Early Childhood = birth to age eight Individually Appropriate

4. Theories of Development
Behaviorist
Maturationist
Constructivist
Social Learning
Ecological Systems Theory

5. Behaviorist
Stimulus Response Theory Reinforcements Positive Negative Punishments Operant conditioning Extinguishing behavior

6. Maturationist Theroy
“Unfolding of development” Experience play less important role Child’s developmental level most important determiner of social and intellectual success

7. Constructivist Theory
Jean Piaget
Assimilation
Equilibrium
Equilibration
Lev Vygotsky
Social-cultural influences
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

8. Multiple Intelligences Theory
Howard Gardner
Nine Intelligences
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Bodily-kinesthetic
Musical
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalist
Extstentialist

9. Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory Modeling

10. Ecological Systems Theory
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Child develops through compels systems of relationships
Cultural environments
Cultural milieu
Not static, but dynamic

11. Theoretical Influences on Teacher
Planning Implementation of instruction

12. Theoretical Influences on observations
Provide different Points of view

13. Children’s Development
Physical Social Emotional Intellectual

14. Patterns of Physical Development
Movements become organized into patterns Growth is cephalocaudal (proceeds from head to toe) Growth is proximodistal (proceeds from center of the body outward) Rate of development is vaiable and related to environmental factors ( nutrition, freedom to practice, etc)

15. Patterns of social Development
Personality Self-Esteem Role of Play Social Relationships Aggression Sex- Role Identification
Erikson’s Stages of Psychological Development in Children Basic Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Imitative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority

16. Patterns of Intellectual Development
Theories
Piaget Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational
Vygotsky
Inersubjectivity Scaffolding Make – Believe
Brain Research
Imaging techniques Brain becomes “wired”

17. Child Development and Curriculum Planning

18. Children with Special Needs
Observe development Seek programs as needed

19. Celebrating Diversity
Development must be viewed within framework of culture Impact of language within culture Impact of motor control encouraged within culture Teachers must be sensitive to cultural expectations