1. Chapter 8
Photosynthesis
&
Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration

2. Where does the energy come from?
Ultimate source of energy = sun
What is an Autotroph? an organism that makes its own food for energy (directly)
What is a Heterotroph? An organism that can’t directly make its own food, but must get food.

3. ATP - adenosine triphosphate
Energy to make ATP comes from the energy released from food
Made by adding 1 phosphoric acid to ADP (Adenosine diphosphate).
Charged battery
Cellular Fuel
FOOD (Glucose)
Used battery

4. Photosynthesis The process of making food using energy from the sun.
Converting solar (radiant or light) energy into chemical energy.
Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

5. History of photosynthesis
Van Helmont – most of a plants mass comes from water.

6. History of Photosynthesis
Priestley – plants produce a substance (oxygen) that keep candles burning.

7. History of Photosynthesis
Ingenhousz –green parts of plants produce oxygen in the light but not in the dark.

8. Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon dioxide + water + light  glucose + oxygen
Not only does photosynthesis need light, it also requires chlorophyll (light absorbing pigment that reflects green light)

9. Chloroplasts=solar panels

10. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2

11. Cellular Respiration
The process of releasing energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules:
With oxygen. aerobic respiration
Without oxygen: anaerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
glucose + oxygen 
Carbon dioxide + water + ATP

12. Mitochondria = electric company

13. 3 stages of cellular respiration

14. Without oxygen Fermentation – anaerobic respiration
NADH passes electrons back to pyruvic acid to become NAD+ again.
Allows glycolysis to continue = 2 more ATP
Alcoholic fermentation –make alcohol
Carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol = wastes
Lactic acid fermentation – rapid exercise
Lactic acid = waste
Causes sore muscles,used to make cheese and yogurt.

15. With Oxygen – Aerobic respiration
Cellular respiration continues…

16. Maximum ATP production per glucose
Anaerobic respiration: 2 ATP (glycolysis)
Aerobic respiration: ATP (glycolysis)
2 ATP (Krebs cycle)
+ 32 ATP (ETC)
36 ATP (all 3 steps)
(Only 2 are made in anaerobic respiration while another 34 are made in aerobic respiration alone)

17. ATP production during exercise
Sprint –
0 – few seconds  stored ATP
Up to 90 seconds  lactic acid fermentation
Why? Not bringing in oxygen fast enough to keep up. Panting restores the oxygen debt.
Paced –
0 – 90 seconds  stored ATP
1.5 – 15/20 min  carbohydrate glycogen
After 20 min.  fat molecules