3. Minor Parts of Speech  Pronouns  Auxiliaries  Conjunctions  Determiners  Qualifiers  Prepositions  Isolates

4. PRONOUNS  Definition: a word that replaces a noun or noun phrase

5. Types of Pronouns  Personal  Demonstrative  Reflexive  Intensive  Indefinite

6. Personal Pronouns  Person 1 st Person 1 st Person SpeakerSpeaker 2 nd Person 2 nd Person AddresseeAddressee 3 rd Person 3 rd Person Innocent bystanderInnocent bystander  Number Singular Singular Plural Plural  Case Subjective (he) Functions as the subject Objective (him) Functions as the object Possessive (his)  Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter

7. Demonstrative Pronouns  Definition: words that point out an object and are often accompanied with pointing gesture Singular this that Plural these those

8. Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns  Definition: form ends in –self  Reflexive Object Object Ex. Hillary hurt herself. Ex. Hillary hurt herself.  Intensive Modifier Modifier Ex. Hillary bought herself a new car. Ex. Hillary bought herself a new car.

9. Indefinite Pronouns “leftover class of pronouns” all QUANTIFIERS anybody everyone each most none several another some everybody

10. AUXILAIRIES  “Helping Verbs: words that may join with the true verb in making up the complete verb of a sentence  Voice Active Active Single verbSingle verb Point of view of the doerPoint of view of the doer Ex. Jake called every member of the class.Ex. Jake called every member of the class. Passive Passive Form of be (auxiliary) followed by past participle form of main verbForm of be (auxiliary) followed by past participle form of main verb Point of view of the person effected by actionPoint of view of the person effected by action Ex. Every member of the class was called by Jake.Ex. Every member of the class was called by Jake.

11. CONJUNCTIONS  COORDINATING Connect two elements of equal grammatical status Connect two elements of equal grammatical status Example Example andand butbut oror forfor nornor soso  SUBORDINATING Connect structures of unequal grammatical status Connect clauses only

12. DETERMINERS  Signifies that a noun is coming  Modifies a noun but cannot be made comparative or superlative  Precedes adjectives in a noun phrase  Words: the, a, an, our, this, some, every, first, all

13. QUALIFERS  Words more more most most very very quite quite rather rather somewhat somewhat each each  Definition: modifies an adjective or an adverb, either strengthening or weakening its meaning

14. PREPOSITIONS  Definition: a word that shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence  Usually followed by a noun phrase  “Anything a plane can do to a cloud”  “Anything a plane can do to a cloud”  Example: above, around, through, behind, with, to, at, during

15. ISOLATES  Definition: Words that are not grammatically connected to other sentence parts and are typically separated with commas  Indicates the speaker’s attitude or feelings OUCH!!

16. THAT’S ALL FOLKS! This concludes our study of the minor parts of speech. Congratulations!! You made it! You made it!