1. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
by Lorelyn T. Dumaug

2. DEFINITION.
Logical Framework (Logframe) ", is a summary of the strategy, design, metrics, and risk assessment of a project.
It is a four-by-four matrix which shows the design of a project and functions as a base of management after the project commencement.
What is a Logical Framework Matrix?
The Logical Framework Matrix, also known by its abridged name "LogFrame", is a summary of the strategy, design, metrics, and risk assessment of a project. It is often presented as a 4x4 matrix comprising of the columns labelled as "Narrative Summary", "Objectively Verifiable Indicators", "Means of Verification", and "Important Assumptions"; and rows labelled as "Goal", "Purpose", "Output", and "Inputs". Numerous adaptations of the LogFrame currently exists depending on the extensions and considerations of its users. But despite of the numerous variations of the tool, all LogFrame adaptations follow the principles of the "hierarchy of objectives" and the "means-and-ends relationships" of project strategies.

3. LOGFRAME BEGINS
In the Development Cycle, the logframe begins to appear at the Identification stage, is finalized during the Design and Appraisal stage and, once approved, should remain in active use throughout the Implementation (monitoring) stage. A good quality log frame is also an essential tool for ex-post evaluation.

4. BACKGROUND
The Logical Framework Approach (Rosenberg & Posner, 1979) was developed by Practical Concepts Incorporated in 1969 for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
It is now widely use by bilateral and multilateral development agencies as the de facto project design, monitoring and evaluation tool thanks to the efforts of the  (GTZ - German Technical Cooperation), who had extended, enriched, and popularized the tool.

5. DESCRIPTION
The Logical Framework takes the form of a four by four project table. The four rows are used to describe four different types of events that take place as a project is implemented: the project Activities, Outputs, Purpose and Goal (from bottom to top on the left hand side

6. DESCRIPTION
The four columns provide different types of information about the events in each row. The first column is used to provide a Narrative description of the event. The second column lists one or more Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs) of these events taking place. The third column describes the Means of Verification (MoV) where information will be available on the OVIs, and the fourth column lists the Assumptions. Assumptions are external factors that it is believed could influence (positively or negatively) the events described in the narrative column.

7. Assumptions
Assumptions are external factors that it is believed could influence (positively or negatively) the events described in the narrative column. The list of assumptions should include those factors that potentially impact on the success of the project, but which cannot be directly controlled by the project or program managers.
In some cases these may include what could be killer assumptions, which if proved wrong will have major negative consequences for the project. A good project design should be able to substantiate its assumptions, especially those with a high potential to have a negative impact.

8. ]Temporal Logic Model
The core of the Logical Framework is the "temporal logic model" that runs through the matrix. This takes the form of a series of connected propositions:

9. Series of connected propositions
If these Activities are implemented, and these Assumptions hold, then these Outputs will be delivered
If these Outputs are delivered, and these Assumptions hold, then this Purpose will be achieved.
If this Purpose is achieved, and these Assumptions hold, then this Goal will be achieved.

10. Series of connected propositions
These are viewed as a hierarchy of hypotheses, with the project/program manager sharing responsibility with higher management for the validity of hypotheses beyond the output level. Thus, Rosenberg brought the essence of scientific method to non-scientific endeavors.

11. Logical Framework Analysis
Logical Framework Analysis or the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is an analytical process for structuring and systematizing the analysis of a project or programmed idea. It is useful to distinguish between LFA, which is a process involving stakeholder analysis, problem analysis, objective setting and strategy selection – and the logical framework matrix, often called the logframe, which documents the product of the LFA process.

12. The process of logical framework analysis allows a project to:
involve stakeholders in the problem analysis and design of the project
systematically and logically set out the project or program me's objectives and the means-end relationships between them

13. The process of logical framework analysis allows a project to:
establish what assumptions outside the scope of the project may influence its success, and
set indicators to check whether the objectives have been achieved.

14. LOGFRAME BENEFITS
The log frame matrix summarizes the results of this entire LFA process, and presents the whole project in a nutshell.
Logframes provide an easily accessible answer to the question: “Why are we doing the things we are doing?”
When used as a management tool, it can also help the project to remain focused during implementation.

15. LFA-Based Project When Properly Carried Out, will:
foster reflection within the project implementing institution,
generate early warnings before things go wrong and allow for corrective decisions,
improve project monitoring and reporting, and
facilitate and improve project evaluation, both internal and external.

16. THE CELLS OF LOGFRAME
Narrative Summary (NS)
Objectively Verifiable Indicators (OVI)
Means of Verification (MOV)
Important Assumptions (IA)
Goal The goal Statement is the context of the project intervention.
The metrics for Measuring the contribution of your project to the goal statement.
The authoritative source of the goal statement metrics.
The statement of risks that may have a bearing on the achievement of the goal statement.
Purpose The purpose is the statement of the end objective oftheproject.
The metrics for measuring the achievement of your purpose statement.
The authoritative source of your purpose statement metrics.
The statement of risks that may have a bearing on the achievement of the purpose statement.
Output The output is the statement of the deliverables of the project.
The metrics for measuring the achievement of your output statement.
The authoritative source of your output statement metrics.
The statement of risks that may have a bearing on the achievement of the output.
Input The input is the statement of the resources that will be provided for the project in order to produce the project output.
The metrics for measuring the input statement. This is the measure of the resource allocation.
The authoritative source of your input statement metrics.
The statement of risks that may have a bearing on the allocation of the input.

17. Thank you.
Lorelyn