1. Hinduism and Buddhism

2. Vocabulary Vocabulary Hinduismp40p62 Hinduismp40p62 Vedas p40p59,62 Vedas p40p59,62 Upanishadsp40p62 Upanishadsp40p62 Castep40p60 Castep40p60 Atman p41 Atman p41 Dharmap41p65 Dharmap41p65 Karmap41p63 Karmap41p63 Brahminsp40p59 Brahminsp40p59 Brahmanp41p62 Brahmanp41p62 Mokshap41p63 Mokshap41p63 Reincarnationp63 Reincarnationp63 Vishnu Vishnu Nirvanap42 Nirvanap42 Red bookGreen Book

3. Origins of Hinduism No real origins to speak of, No real origins to speak of, believed to come form traditions of the people from the Indus valley and the Religious beliefs of Aryans mingled believed to come form traditions of the people from the Indus valley and the Religious beliefs of Aryans mingled Origins about 2500-1500 BCE Origins about 2500-1500 BCE

4. Holy Books Vedas (a collection of hymns & religious rituals). Vedas (a collection of hymns & religious rituals). The Vedas are the oldest Hindu sacred text. The Vedas are the oldest Hindu sacred text. The Vedas were memorized & delivered as long hymns or songs by priest speaking Sanskrit (ancient Aryan language.) The Vedas were memorized & delivered as long hymns or songs by priest speaking Sanskrit (ancient Aryan language.) The Vedas were passed down from generation to generation in oral form and were not written down for hundreds of years. The Vedas were passed down from generation to generation in oral form and were not written down for hundreds of years. Upanishads- is an explanation of Vedas that is in depth and breaks them down as well. Upanishads- is an explanation of Vedas that is in depth and breaks them down as well.

5. Caste System Social class or social order of Indian civilization. Social class or social order of Indian civilization. Brahmin-highest level of the caste (priests) Brahmin-highest level of the caste (priests) It was also brought in by the Aryans. It was also brought in by the Aryans. Early on there were only 4 castes & one group outside the caste system called the outcastes or untouchables. Early on there were only 4 castes & one group outside the caste system called the outcastes or untouchables. Eventually many more castes developed usually tied to one’s job. Eventually many more castes developed usually tied to one’s job.

6. Central Ideas Moksha (liberation) – state of perfect understanding of everything Moksha (liberation) – state of perfect understanding of everything Karma – every action will affect rebirth Karma – every action will affect rebirth Reincarnation – soul is reborn after death of body Reincarnation – soul is reborn after death of body Vishnu (protector), Brahma (creator), Shiva (destroyer), and many other gods Vishnu (protector), Brahma (creator), Shiva (destroyer), and many other gods

7. Virtue and Sin Cardinal virtues: Cardinal virtues: Purity, self-control, detachment, truth, non-violence Purity, self-control, detachment, truth, non-violence Three Deadly Sins: Three Deadly Sins: Lust, anger, greed Lust, anger, greed

8. Four Objectives in Life Dharma (righteous path) Dharma (righteous path) Artha (material prosperity) Artha (material prosperity) Kama (worldly enjoyment) Kama (worldly enjoyment) Moksha (salvation) Moksha (salvation)

9. Spread of Hinduism Became dominant religion in India between 1500 and 400 BCE Became dominant religion in India between 1500 and 400 BCE Spread over South East Asia, but replaced by Islam Spread over South East Asia, but replaced by Islam Religion of 800 million Indians Religion of 800 million Indians Shaped Indian culture for about 3000 years Shaped Indian culture for about 3000 years

10. Branches Tamols Tamols Vaishnavas Vaishnavas Shaivas Shaivas Shaktas (the last 3 are devoted to a particular god/ godess) Shaktas (the last 3 are devoted to a particular god/ godess)

11. Hinduism Today There are almost 800,000,000 people worldwide practicing Hinduism. There are almost 800,000,000 people worldwide practicing Hinduism. It is known as the world’s oldest organized religion. (dating back to 1500BCE) It is known as the world’s oldest organized religion. (dating back to 1500BCE) It is polytheistic, but today followers primarily worship Vishnu (the preserver of the universe) & Siva (the creator & destroyer). It is polytheistic, but today followers primarily worship Vishnu (the preserver of the universe) & Siva (the creator & destroyer).

12. Vocabulary Buddhism Buddhismp42p64 Buddhismp42p64 Siddhartha Gautama p42p64 Siddhartha Gautama p42p64 Buddhap42p64 Buddhap42p64 Enlightenmentp64 Enlightenmentp64 Four Noble Truthsp43p64 Four Noble Truthsp43p64 Eightfold Pathp43p65 Eightfold Pathp43p65

13. Origins of Buddhism (563-480 BCE) Siddhartha Gautama (AKA Buddha) Siddhartha Gautama (AKA Buddha) established the concepts and methods for reaching enlightenment. Founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha (Buddha). established the concepts and methods for reaching enlightenment. Founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha (Buddha). Prince in Northern India Prince in Northern India Influenced by Hindu beliefs and values Influenced by Hindu beliefs and values

14. He had no true understanding of the harshness of life. After venturing away from home and seeing death, sickness, & suffering, he decided to try and find an understanding to pain and suffering by seeking wisdom. He had no true understanding of the harshness of life. After venturing away from home and seeing death, sickness, & suffering, he decided to try and find an understanding to pain and suffering by seeking wisdom. At age 29 he left his family and began to wander seeking wisdom and understanding to human suffering. At age 29 he left his family and began to wander seeking wisdom and understanding to human suffering.

15. Becoming Buddha While seeking wisdom he tried several different methods. While seeking wisdom he tried several different methods. He 1st tried to find wisdom and an understanding to suffering by fasting and strict discipline. He ate only a few grains (1-7) of rice a day. He became so starved and sick that you could see his backbone through his stomach. On the verge of death he realized that perhaps this was not the best way to seek wisdom. He 1st tried to find wisdom and an understanding to suffering by fasting and strict discipline. He ate only a few grains (1-7) of rice a day. He became so starved and sick that you could see his backbone through his stomach. On the verge of death he realized that perhaps this was not the best way to seek wisdom. He then went into a deep meditation. He then went into a deep meditation. It is said that he meditated for days before he finally discovered the true path to enlightenment. At this point he takes on a new name, Buddha “Enlightened One”. It is said that he meditated for days before he finally discovered the true path to enlightenment. At this point he takes on a new name, Buddha “Enlightened One”.

16. Buddha’s teachings He believed in reincarnation. He believed that it depended on the life a person leads. Good is rewarded and evil is punished. He believed in reincarnation. He believed that it depended on the life a person leads. Good is rewarded and evil is punished. He taught that salvation or enlightenment could be attained by knowing and following the “4 Noble truths” & the Eightfold path or “Middle way”. He taught that salvation or enlightenment could be attained by knowing and following the “4 Noble truths” & the Eightfold path or “Middle way”.

17. Four Noble Truths Life is full of suffering Life is full of suffering Caused by desire to satisfy ourselves (selfishness) Caused by desire to satisfy ourselves (selfishness) End desire for selfish goals End desire for selfish goals Follow the Middle Path Follow the Middle Path

18. Middle Path Speak the truth and speak well of others Speak the truth and speak well of others Do not kill, steal, lie, be unchaste, or take drugs and drink alcohol Do not kill, steal, lie, be unchaste, or take drugs and drink alcohol Control your mind Control your mind Meditate Meditate Know what you really want Know what you really want

19. Middle Path is … This is a path to enlightenment. Each step must be mastered along the way. When you reach the end and finally become enlightened you will find “Nirvana” This is a path to enlightenment. Each step must be mastered along the way. When you reach the end and finally become enlightened you will find “Nirvana” Nirvana- The goal of Buddhism (is a perfect spiritual peace where one is released from the cycle of reincarnation.) Nirvana- The goal of Buddhism (is a perfect spiritual peace where one is released from the cycle of reincarnation.)

20. Central Beliefs Ultimate goal is nirvana Ultimate goal is nirvana Everybody who follows Middle Path can reach it Everybody who follows Middle Path can reach it Only one god Only one god Monks and nuns in monasteries Monks and nuns in monasteries

21. Spread of Buddhism Quickly spread over India Quickly spread over India Became official Religion under King Asoka (250 BCE) Became official Religion under King Asoka (250 BCE) Spread over East Asia and South East Asia (China, Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Tibet) Spread over East Asia and South East Asia (China, Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Tibet) Today they have over 350 million followers. Today they have over 350 million followers.