2. The “Little Ice Age”: 1350-1700 Medieval “Warm Period” In the 17century, Europe relied on a very inefficient agricultural system to feed its population.

3. 17 th century European Agrarianism

4. Feudal Common Field System

5. Yield Ratio for Grain Crops (1400-1800)

6. Grain Supplies in 16 th century Europe

7. Cereal Crops in the 18 th century

9. Small Town “Farmer’s Markets”

10. The Village School 17th century style

11. Country People Playing a Ball Game

12. A Lace Maker

13. Supplemental Income  Cottage Industries: “Putting-Out” System

14. The “Putting-Out” System

15. Advantages of the Putting-Out System 1.Peasants could supplement their agricultural incomes.  Take advantage of winter months when farming was impossible. 2.Merchants could avoid the higher wages and often demanding regulations of urban labor.  Easier to reduce the number of workers when the economy was bad. 3.Merchants could acquire capital, which would later play a part in funding industrialization itself.  Peasants acquired skills. 4.Young people could start separate households earlier, thus contributing to population growth.

16. Disadvantage of the Putting-Out System?? When demand rose…which it did in the 18 th century this system proved inefficient.  Merchant-capitalists found it difficult to induce peasant-workers to increase their output. This dilemma eventually led to the factory system  All the workers were concentrated in one place under the supervision of a manager.  Water or steam power could easily be applied there.

17. “Apprentices at Their Looms” William Hogarth, 1687

19. Population Density: 18 th century Europe

20. 18 th century Population Growth Rate

21. European Urbanization: 1500-1800

22. Industry & Population: 18 th century Europe

23. “Gin Lane” by William Hogarth 1751

24. “Beer Street” by William Hogarth 1751

25. Emancipation of the Peasantry to 1812

28. “Enclosed” Fields

29. British Raw Materials

30. 18 th century British port

31. The Growth of England’s Foreign Trade in the 18 th century

32. 18 th century English “Nouveau Riche”: The Capitalist Entrepreneur