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2. Thoracic and Abdominal Pelvic Membranes Thoracic membranes: Walls of right and left compartments are lined with parietal pleura (“pariet” = wall; “pleur” = rib) Lungs are covered with visceral pleura (“viscera” = organs in a body cavity) Pleural cavity – fluid-filled “space” between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes Heart is surrounded by pericardial membranes (“peri” = around; “cardi” = heart) Visceral pericardium Parietal pericardium Pericardial cavity
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Fig. 1.7a
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Fig. 1.7b
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Fig. 1.8
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3. Organ Systems a. Body covering - Integumentary System b. Support and Movement: – Skeletal System – support – Muscular System - movement c. Integration and Coordination: – Nervous System – brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs – Endocrine System - all the glands that secrete hormones
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3. Organ Systems (cont.) d. Transport: Cardiovascular System – flow of blood Lymphatic System – transports tissue fluid back to the bloodstream e. Absorption and Excretion: Digestive System – receives, breaks down, and absorbs food Respiratory System – moves air in and out, and exchanges gases between blood and the air Urinary System – removes waste from blood; maintains water and electrolyte balance f. Reproductive System – produces offspring
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Anatomical Terminology Describes: 1.Relative Positions of body parts to each other 2.Body Sections – cutting or sectioning the body along various planes 3.Body Regions
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Relative Positions 1.Superior – above (or closer to the head) 2.Inferior – below (closer to the feet) 3.Anterior (ventral) – toward the front 4.Posterior (dorsal) – toward the back 5.Medial – middle (closer to the R-L midline) 6.Lateral – side (further from the R-L midline) 7.Proximal – closer to a point of attachment 8.Distal – further from a point of attachment 9.Superficial – near the surface (shallow) 10.Deep – more internal (further from the surface)
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Fig. 1.7a
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Fig. 1.7b
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Body sections are divided by planes
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Body Sections 1.Sagittal Plane 1.lengthwise (head-to-toe) 2.divides body into left and right sections 3.Median – along midline; midsagittal 2.Transverse Plane 1.horizontal 2.divides body into superior and inferior sections 3.Coronal Plane 1.Frontal 2.Divides body into anterior and posterior sections
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Fig. 1.11
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Body Regions of the Abdominal Area 1.Epigastric Region – upper middle portion 2.Left and Right Hypochondriac Regions – to the sides of the epigastric region 3.Umbilical Region – middle portion 4.Left and Right Lumbar Regions – to the sides of the umbilical regions 5.Hypogastric Regions – lower middle portion 6.Left and Right Iliac Regions – to the sides of the hypogastric region
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Fig. 1.13a
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