1. Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy – study of structure Physiology – study of function Structure is always related to function 1-3

2. Levels of Organization Atom – hydrogen atom, lithium atom Molecule – water molecule, glucose molecule Macromolecule – protein molecule, DNA molecule Organelle – mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell Tissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue Organ – skin, femur Organ System – skeletal system, digestive system Organism - human 1-4

3. Levels of Organization 1-5

4. Homeostasis Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes Receptors - provide information Control center - tells what a particular value should be Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment 1-10

5. Homeostatic Mechanisms 1-11

6. Body Cavities 1-12

7. Organ Systems 1-15

8. Organ Systems 1-16

9. Organ Systems 1-17

10. Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position – body standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward Terms of Relative Position Superior versus Inferior Anterior versus Posterior Medial versus Lateral Ipsilateral versus Contralateral Proximal versus Distal Superficial versus Deep 1-18

11. Body Sections Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median Transverse / Cross Coronal or Frontal Oblique 1-19

12. Abdominal Subdivisions 1-20

13. Body Regions 1-21

14. Clinical Application Medical Imaging 1-22 Noninvasive procedures Provide images of soft internal structures Magnetic Resonance Imaging Requires injection of dye Produces computerized transverse, frontal, and sagittal sections of area being studied Ultrasonography Use of high- frequency sound waves Relatively quick and inexpensive

15. In anatomy, this word means toward the front and in humans is synonymous with the word ventral 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Dorsal 2.Abdominal 3.Anterior 4.Inferior 5.frontal

16. This word means 'closer to' and is the opposite of 'distal.' 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Superior 2.Inferior 3.Posterior 4.Anterior 5.Proximal

17. This region of the body is also known as the wrist and may be used to describe certain 'tunnel syndromes.' 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Popliteal 2.Plantar 3.Carpal 4.Mental 5.Brachial

18. This plane of the body separates it into right and left sides 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Midsaggital 2.Coronal 3.Transverse 4.Horizontal 5.Frontal

19. Your tonsils and spleen belong to this system. 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Exocrine 2.Endocrine 3.Lymphatic 4.Digestive 5.Nervous

20. Thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands are organs of this system 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Exocrine 2.Endocrine 3.Digestive 4.Urinary 5.reproductive

21. Your appendix is located in this quadrant of the abdomen." 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Upper right 2.Upper left 3.Lower right 4.Lower left

22. Your liver is located in this quadrant of the abdomen." 1234567891011121314151617181920 2122232425262728293031323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 1.Upper left 2.Upper right 3.Lower left 4.Lower right