1. Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Chapter 5
Social Groups and Formal Organizations

2. Groups Within Society Primary Groups Producing a Mirror Within
Face-to-Face
The Family
Friends
Producing a Mirror Within
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Groups Within Society Secondary Groups In-Groups and Out-Groups
Larger, More Anonymous
Members Interact Based on Statuses
Fail to Satisfy Need for Intimate Association
In-Groups and Out-Groups
Loyalty to In-Groups
Antagonism Towards Out-Groups
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Groups Within Society Implications for Socially Diverse Society
Traits of In-Group Seen as Virtues
Same Traits in Out-Groups Seen as Vices
Can Lead to Twisted Perceptions
Reference Groups
Evaluating Ourselves
Expose Us to Contradictory Standards
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5. Groups Within Society Social Networks
The Small World Phenomenon - Milgram
Is the Small World Phenomenon a Myth? – Kleinfeld
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6. Bureaucracies Five Characteristics of Bureaucracies Clear Cut Levels
Division of Labor
Written Rules
Written Communication and Records
Impersonality
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7. The Typical Bureaucratic Structure of a Medium-Sized University
Figure 5.1 The Typical Bureaucratic Structure of a Medium-Sized University
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7

8. Dysfunctions of Bureaucracies
Take on a Life of their Own
Suffers from Goal Displacement
Red Tape
Bureaucratic Alienation
Resisting Alienation
Bureaucratic Incompetence
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9. Working for the Corporation
Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes in the “Hidden” Corporate Culture
Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes and Promotions
Do you think corporations & government agencies should offer diversity training?
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10. Group Dynamics Group Size Affects Stability and Intimacy
Dyad
Triad
Coalitions
As Size Increases, So Does Stability
As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy Decrease
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

11. Group Dynamics Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior
The Larger the Group…
Greater Diffusion of Responsibility
Increase in Formality
Division into Smaller Groups
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

12. The Effects of Group Size on Relationships
Figure 5.2 The Effects of Group Size on Relationships
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12

13. Leadership Who Becomes a Leader? Types of Leaders Leadership Styles
Instrumental
Expressive
Leadership Styles
Authoritarian; Democratic; Laissez-Faire
Leadership Styles in Changing Situations
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Group Dynamics Power of Peer Pressure Asch Experiment
Study on Conformity
Power of Authority - Milgram Experiment
Administering Shocks; turning up Voltage
Recent Replications Consistent with Earlier
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

15. Asch’s Cards Figure 5.3 Asch’s Cards
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15

16. Group Dynamics Global Consequences of Group Dynamics: Groupthink
Irving Janis Coined the Term
Examples of Groupthink
Preventing Groupthink
© Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.