1. End Show Slide 1 of 37 DO NOW What happens during dehydration synthesis? Use your notes. Label the diagram below: __________ H OH H __________ + _____________________ __ 2_ _ + produces

2. End Show Slide 2 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Carbon Compounds

3. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 3 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.

4. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 4 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids Lipids are generally not soluble in water. The common types of lipids are: fats oils waxes steroids

5. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 5 of 37 Lipids Are usually made of –Fatty acids (monomer) –Glycerol (monomer) –Fats, Oil, Waxes can be considered polymers Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

6. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 6 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Lipids Function of Lipids –Lipids can be used to store energy. –Chemical messengers –Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

7. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 7 of 37 Lipids are found in: Saturated Fats Beef, dairy products Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Unsaturated Fats Fatty tissue (Salmon,herring) Avocado, canola oil, soybean oil

8. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 8 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.

9. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 9 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleotides consist of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar a phosphate group a nitrogenous base

10. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 10 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information in the form of: ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

11. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 11 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Monomers of protein are called amino acids.

12. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 12 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins Amino acids There are 20 different types of Amino Acids. What makes them different?

13. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 13 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins The portion of each amino acid that is different is a side chain called an R-group.

14. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 14 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. Amino Acids Protein Molecule

15. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 15 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Proteins Functions of proteins: –Control rate of reactions Enzymes are a special type of proteins –Used to form bones and muscles –Transport substances into or out of cells –Help to fight disease - antibodies

16. End Show 2–3 Carbon Compounds Slide 16 of 37 Picture of the week! Which Macromolecule is pictured? Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

17. End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 17 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3

18. End Show Slide 18 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as a.lipids. b.monosaccharides. c.proteins. d.polysaccharides.

19. End Show Slide 19 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Many lipids are formed from glycerol and a.fatty acids. b.monosaccharides. c.amino acids. d.nucleic acids.

20. End Show Slide 20 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because a.they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups. b.they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures. c.they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. d.their R groups can be either acidic or basic.

21. End Show Slide 21 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 Which of the following statements about cellulose is true? a.Animals make it and use it to store energy. b.Plants make it and use it to store energy. c.Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton. d.Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells.

22. End Show Slide 22 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2–3 A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that a.plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins. b.proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not. c.polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids. d.proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not.

23. END OF SECTION