1. Mrs. McKinney PAP Biology
Biomolecules
Mrs. McKinney
PAP Biology

2. Fill-in the concept map and use your chart to compare the biomolecules – draw the structure under each category.
Section 2-3
Biomolecules
Concept Map 4
Biomolecules
include
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain

3. Concept Map Carbon Compounds Biomolecules Concept Map Carbohydrates
Section 2-3
Biomolecules
Concept Map
Carbon
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,

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6. Warm-Up Title: Biomolecules Date: List the percentages of each:
Fat
Carbohydrates
Protein
Describe how each one is important to you? How do they help your body?

7. What am a I learning today????
Identify biomolecules.
Compare the structure and functions of biomolecules known as:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
AHHHHH……WHAT???? Let’s simplify these terms.

8. Biomolecules Carbohydrates: Lipids:
Aka: sugars – glucose, sucrose, fructose, etc
Function: Provide energy
Lipids:
Aka: fats – triglycerides, saturated/unsaturated
Function: Long-term energy, insulation

9. Biomolecules Proteins: Nucleic Acids: Aka: Amino acids –
Function: build muscle, bones, pretty much the body
Nucleic Acids:
Aka: DNA/RNA – your genetic code
Function: Instructions for your cell – the BIG BOSS

10. So lets think about this….
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, found in food help make me along with nucleic acids!!!!
Bio-molecules make:
Organelles (tiny cell organs)
Cells
Tissue
Organ
Organ systes
Organsism

11. How about orange juice?
Carbohydrates???
Lipids???
Proteins???

12. How about meat?
Proteins???
Lipids???
Carbohydrates???

13. How about ice cream?
Lipids???
Proteins???
Carbohydrates???

14. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 4. Proteins 5. Nucleic Acids
List the 4 Biomolecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
4. Proteins
5. Nucleic Acids

15. Biomolecules Chart
As we go through the powerpoint, fill in your chart.
Using a Index Card you will draw an example of each Biomolcule

16. .Fill this in on the side of your chart
Monomers – single unit
Polymers – many single units joined together
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Copy this on the top of your chart.
Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms,
Ratio of 1 : 2 : 1.
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Carbohydrates
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Source of Energy for cell function
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Carbohydrates
Different sizes of carbohydrates:
Monosaccharides – single (1) sugar (glucose- C6H12O6, fructose)
Disaccharides – double (2) sugar (sucrose-C12H22O11)
Polysaccharides – many sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose)
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Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides: Starches and sugars - examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy.
Examples:
Cellulose - plants make it for cell walls
Starch - (long chain of glucose)
Glycogen – stored in humans
Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy. Starches form when sugars join together in a long chain.
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Show me what you know:
On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far.
Let’s try it out!!!
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2–3
Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as
lipids.
monosaccharides.
proteins.
polysaccharides.
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2–3
Which of the following statements about cellulose is true?
Animals make it and use it to store energy.
Plants make it and use it to store energy.
Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton.
Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells.
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Proteins
macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- Monomer: amino acids.
- Polymer: protein (polypeptide chain)
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Proteins
Amino Acids: connected by peptide bonds
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Proteins
Function of Proteins
Instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA.
Amino
Acids
Proteins help to carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and fight diseases. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids folded into complex structures.
Protein Molecule
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Proteins
Some functions of proteins:
Control rate of reactions – Enzymes
Used to form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells
Help to fight disease - antibodies
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Show me what you know:
On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far.
Let’s try it out!!!
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2–3
Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because
they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups.
they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures.
they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
their R groups can be either acidic or basic.
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2–3
A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that
plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins.
proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not.
polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids.
proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not.
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information.
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
nucleotides – monomers of Nucleic Acids.
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymer: DNA or RNA
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides consist of three parts:
a 5-carbon sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base
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Lipids
Lipids
not soluble in water.
Common categories of lipids are:
fats
oils
waxes
steroids
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Lipids
Function of Lipids:
Used to store energy.
Important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
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Lipids
glycerol
Fatty acid
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Triglyceride
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Show me what you know:
On the following slides are questions you should be able to answer thus far.
Let’s try it out!!!
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2–3
Many lipids are formed from glycerol and
fatty acids.
monosaccharides.
amino acids.
nucleic acids.
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41. Write this down on the back
Monomer + monomer = polymer
Glucose + glucose = carbs
Amino acid + amino acid = protein
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = lipid
Nucleotide + nucleotide = nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)