1. Infant Development The First 12 months

2. Developmental Milestones Development: a series of stages of growth, or a specific state of growth. Milestone: an important action or event marking a stage in development. e.g. a birthday, first job. e.g. baby’s first words, steps, etc For infants, development is occurring very rapidly. Milestones will occur at a different time for each infant, however, there are general guidelines for ‘normal development’.

3. Developmental Criteria Social: -interaction with others -behaviour Fine Motor:-action involving the small muscles of the hands -manipulating objects Language:-expression and communication Gross Motor:-coordinated movements with several body parts

4. Social Fine Motor Language Gross Motor

5. Developmental Milestones Gross MotorFine Motor Language/ Cognitive Social 1 monthMoves head from side to side when on stomachStrong gripStares at hands and fingersTracks movement with eyes 2 monthsHolds head and neck up briefly while on tummyOpens and closes handsBegins to play with fingersSmiles responsively 3 monthsReaches and grabs at objectsGrips objects in handsCoosImitates you when you stick out your tongue 4 monthsPushes up on arms when lying on tummyGrabs objects -- and gets them!Laughs out loudEnjoys play and may cry when playing stops 5 monthsBegins to roll over in one or the other directionIs learning to transfer objects from one hand to the other Blows “raspberries” (spit bubbles)Reaches for mommy or daddy and cries if they’re out of sight 6 monthsRolls over both waysUses hands to “rake” small objectsBabblesRecognizes familiar faces --caregivers and friends as well as family 7 monthsMoves around --is starting to crawl, scoot, or “army crawl” Is learning to use thumb and fingersBabbles in a more complex wayResponds to other people’s expressions of emotion 8 monthsSits well without supportBegins to clap handsResponds to familiar words, looks when you say his name Plays interactive games like peekaboo 9 monthsMay try to climb/crawl up stairsUses the pincer graspLearns object permanence -- that something exists even if he can’t see it Is at the height of stranger anxiety 10 monthsPulls up to standStacks and sorts toysWaves bye-bye and/or lifts up arms to communicate “up” Learns to understand cause and effect (“I cry, Mommy comes”) 11 monthsCruises, using furnitureTurns pages while you readSays “mama” or “dada” for either parentUses mealtime games (dropping spoon, pushing food away) to test your reaction; expresses food preferences 12 monthsStands unaided and may take first stepsHelps while getting dressed (pushes hands into sleeves) Says an average of 2-3 words (often “mama” and “dada”) Plays imitative games such as pretending to use the phone

6. Why Study Development 1) Understand the needs of children 2) Make informed choices about children in your future 3) Become a better care-giver 4) Understand who you are 5) Become more empathetic Defining Terms: Sympathy: feeling sorry for someone else. Empathy: understanding how someone else feels.

7. Characteristics of Human Growth and Development Similar in all humans: same pattern for all children, regardless of race or nationality. Sequential: increases in complexity through steps. e.g. sit before standing, stand before walking. Individualized: children develop at their own pace. Interrelated: development in one area (e.g. language: understanding a parent’s request) will affect development in other areas (e.g. physical: attempt either to comply or defy) Continuous: people develop throughout their entire lives, however, development is faster during the early years of life.