1. By: Alexander, Tanner, Anton, and Ashley

2. Regional Foreign Policy When a country forms its foreign policy, it must base it around the interests of each province and state within the country. Example: Alberta has a large supply of oil, and Canada has made part of its foreign policy about how that oil is distributed to other nations and countries. Self-Determination If a province or state (nation) within a country decides that they should be their own nation-state, then this could pose a problem. This problem being the nation pulling away from the country would also be pulling away part of the culture and diversity that makes up who that country is.

3. Global Trading When countries trade with one another, they are creating a bond with each other. Also, they are cooperating with one another, in order to achieve the goal of getting the goods that they want. Peacekeeping When there is a war of any sort (or genocide), countries (nations and nation-states) will often get involved. This is because they may have an alliance with another country that is involved and they want to have peace, or simply because they want to promote the peace between quarreling nations. Example: the United Nations.

4. Economic Stability: When a nation or nation- state decides that there economy needs a boost or needs to be stabilized, they often trade with other nation-states. Example- NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) is a trading alliance between Canada, the USA, and Mexico that works to get rid of tariffs (and other trading fees) that restrict trade. Self-Determination: For some, self- determination can best be achieved through international involvement. Example- The World Council of Indigenous Peoples is a united voice for over 370 million Indigenous people from all over the world. It ensures fair and just treatment for all Indigenous people.

5. Peace and Security- If a war breaks out, a nation and/or nation-state may want to get involved. This is because they want to keep there alliance strong with another nation-state (that may be involved or not), they want to promote peace between the countries or nations who are fighting each other, or they want to keep their own country safe from the war. Humanitarianism- Occurs when nations and/or nation-states assist other nations or nation-states with long-term social and economic development crisis's. Example- When the Haitian earthquake occurred many nations and nation-states got involved with clean-up efforts and donation of money in order to buy the things that were most needed and are most needed for their survival.

6. Three Understandings of Internationalism 1.Hegemonic Internationalism: is the belief that the world is being integrated based on unequal terms with dominance of only one nation (or nation-state) over other nations or nation-states. - Hegemony means to exert a dominating influence over other groups or societies. - Examples: colonialism and imperialism. - Many people believe that international security and prosperity are best achieved when a nation asserts a leading role. - International communication has continued to make English a language of dominance. English is increasingly becoming the language of international business and politics. Example: In India, many people speak English.

7. 2.Revolutionary Internationalism: is the belief that conflicts within societies are determined by international factors and alliances. - Revolutionary internationalism has a long history dating back to the American and French Revolutions. - Revolution is a radical and extreme change, but doesn’t necessarily need to be violent. Examples of this can be seen through feminism and environmentalism. Both are extreme changes, but violence does not erupt from them.

8. 3.Liberal Internationalism: is the belief that nations and nation-states can achieve common goals (especially peace and prosperity) through interaction and cooperation. - Through greater interaction and cooperation, a common purpose will evolve. - This purpose is to create wealth and peace. - Expressed through the creation of the United Nations. - Examples: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), like World Vision.

9. Multilateralism: various nations or nation- states cooperate to pursue their interests and goals beyond their borders, in cooperation and coalition with other states. Supranationalism: involves nations putting aside their self-interests to work with other nations for the good of the collective, or for the global good. Peacekeeping: getting involved with creating and maintaining the peace and friendly relations between nations; this means peace between nations who are fighting over any dispute which could then lead to even more peace throughout the world.

10. Foreign Aid: when a disaster hits a nation or nation-state, other nations and nation- states want to help the disaster hit area, and do this by sending money, supplies, and people to that area. International Laws and Agreements: is a way of how nations treat one another; Example- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is an agreement amongst many nations, in which they work to protect the global interests of all members (a country will help a nation that may be under attack by another).

11. The United Nations (UN): An international organization that works “to maintain international peace and security and to develop friendly relations among nations”. The UN does this by sending peacekeepers to war-torn nations that have it set in their minds to create and maintain peace throughout the nations in need and the rest of the world. The World Council of Indigenous People (WCIP): An international organization that provides a united voice for over 370 million Indigenous people from all over the world. They seek to ensure the fair and just treatment for the millions and millions of Indigenous people that live all around the world. Also, they deal with the economic, political, social, and cultural rights of the Indigenous peoples.

12. The European Union (EU): An organization made up of 27 European countries that work to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers throughout Europe. Also, a common currency has been made. By doing these things, the market is freer and trade is made easier all across Europe. The International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF): “Is a cultural and linguistic community of more than 175 million people who use French to varying degrees in their daily lives.” Examples of this are nations who have politics and government with French as the customary language, or where a large portion of the population are French speakers, or where there is a presence of French culture and/or language. This organization connects the global community of French speakers from all over the world together.

13. The Arctic Council: Is an IGO (intergovernmental organization) that address issues faced by the governments and the indigenous peoples of the Arctic. Some members include Canada, Norway, Russia, and the United States. The Arctic Council works to promote the cooperation and interaction between the nation-states in the Arctic on common issues (Example- environmental issues). The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): An international military alliance between Canada, the USA, and some parts of Europe. The alliance means that these nation-states will help in defending one another and ensuring the security of the rest of the world (Example- terrorism, wars, etc.).

14. Conflict: Most conflicts are analyzed by groups, rather than individually. Conflicts are often reduced due to being mutual trading partners (treaties), and organizations (the UN) that help resolve problems. Poverty: Internationalism reduces poverty due to global concern and foreign aid efforts. By having global concern, nations and nation-states want to cooperate with one another in order to decrease poverty. Debt: If a nation-state is in debt, internationalism could bring them out of debt. This can be done by nation-states trading with one another to increase the economy, thus the nation-state could be producing money (thus pay off their debt).

15. Disease: Internationalism can cause the spread of disease, but can also help in finding cures as well. Spreading of the disease can come from interaction between nations and nation-states (airplanes-business meetings, physical contact- hand shaking, etc.), in order to reach a common goal. Finding cures can come from an outbreak or epidemic, and from this global concern for health comes around, thus nations (nation- states) working together to find a cure (Example-WHO). Environment: Internationalism can help in solving problems with the environment. A prime example of this is the Kyoto Protocol. Nation-states cooperate with one another in order to reach a consensus on how to cut down greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Human Rights: Internationalism can help in the promotion and maintaining of human rights all over the world. It does this by nations and nation-states recognizing that the UN has the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and everyone around the world should follow the rules set out in it.

16. Nationalism should be sacrificed in the interest of internationalism when: A nation’s or nation-state’s regional issues are taken care of. A nation or nation-state has the mind set of helping others (foreign aid, donations, etc.). A nation or nation-state has enough money to fulfill their interests and still has more to give to the one’s who need it more than them (poverty-torn nations, disaster-struck nations, etc.). A nation or nation-state does what the do for their own reasons, rather than someone else's. The nation or nation-state does not throw it’s own identity and values out of the window.