1. Warm-Up Think back to yesterday’s lesson. We talked about marijuana, steroids and inhalants. Among all that we learned, what most surprised you? Do you think knowing this will keep you from using the drug OR if you have used it will this make you stop? Think back to yesterday’s lesson. We talked about marijuana, steroids and inhalants. Among all that we learned, what most surprised you? Do you think knowing this will keep you from using the drug OR if you have used it will this make you stop? How do you think we can decrease the number of teenagers who use these illegal drugs? How do you think we can decrease the number of teenagers who use these illegal drugs?

2. Psychoactive Drugs Lesson 20

3. Objectives Identify various classes of drugs Identify various classes of drugs Identify the effects of the various classes on the mind and body Identify the effects of the various classes on the mind and body

4. Psychoactive Drugs Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity to the brain Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity to the brain –Change the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) The CNS is an amazingly complex part of the body The CNS is an amazingly complex part of the body –Includes the brain and spinal cord –EVERY form of activity, from bending a finger to solving abstract problems, involves the CNS

5. Classification Stimulants Stimulants Depressants Depressants Narcotics Narcotics Hallucinogens Hallucinogens

6. Stimulants Drugs that speed up the central nervous system Drugs that speed up the central nervous system Some foods contain small amounts of stimulants Some foods contain small amounts of stimulants –Coffee, tea and soda contain caffeine Nicotine in tobacco products is a stimulant Nicotine in tobacco products is a stimulant Some stimulants have medical uses, although many are used illegally Some stimulants have medical uses, although many are used illegally Most dangerous illegal stimulants Most dangerous illegal stimulants –Cocaine –Amphetamines –methamphetamines

7. Cocaine White powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant White powder extracted from the leaves of the coca plant Highly addictive Highly addictive Users experience a euphoria Users experience a euphoria –A feeling of intense well-being or elation Effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours Effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours

8. Effects of Cocaine Depression Depression Fatigue Fatigue Paranoia Paranoia Physiological dependence Physiological dependence Malnutrition Malnutrition Cardiac problems ESPECIALLY IN TEENS Cardiac problems ESPECIALLY IN TEENS Collapse of the nasal septum Collapse of the nasal septum Risk of HIV and Hepatitis B if injecting Risk of HIV and Hepatitis B if injecting Overdose Overdose –Cardiac arrest –Respiratory failure –Seizures –Death

9. Crack Even more dangerous from of cocaine, because it is a very pure form of cocaine Even more dangerous from of cocaine, because it is a very pure form of cocaine –“crack cocaine” –“rock” –“freebase rock” Reaches the brain in seconds Reaches the brain in seconds One of the MOST DEADLY drugs available One of the MOST DEADLY drugs available

10. Effects of Crack Quickly after ingested heart rate and blood pressure soar to dangerous levels Quickly after ingested heart rate and blood pressure soar to dangerous levels –Death can result from cardiovascular or respiratory failure Mixing cocaine and alcohol is extremely dangerous Mixing cocaine and alcohol is extremely dangerous –Substances combined in the liver increasing the risk of death from liver failure

11. Amphetamines Used in prescription medication to reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetite Used in prescription medication to reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetite Some people use them illegally to stay away and alert, improve athletic performance and to lose weight Some people use them illegally to stay away and alert, improve athletic performance and to lose weight Easily developed tolerance Easily developed tolerance

12. Effects of Amphetamines Twitching Twitching Irregular heartbeat Irregular heartbeat Paranoia Paranoia Heart damage Heart damage Blood vessel damage Blood vessel damage

13. Methamphetamine “Meth” “Meth” Stimulant used in treating certain diseases, including Parkinson’s and obesity Stimulant used in treating certain diseases, including Parkinson’s and obesity White odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water White odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or water Readily available because it is produced in make- shift labs Readily available because it is produced in make- shift labs Identified as one of the dangerous ‘club drugs’ often associated with all night parties called raves Identified as one of the dangerous ‘club drugs’ often associated with all night parties called raves Provides a short term feeling of euphoria Provides a short term feeling of euphoria

14. Effects of Meth Use Depression Depression Paranoia Paranoia Damage to the CHS Damage to the CHS Increased heart rate Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Increased blood pressure Damage to brain cells Damage to brain cells Death Death

15. Depressants Drugs that tend to slow down the CNS Drugs that tend to slow down the CNS Relax muscles Relax muscles Relive feelings of tension and worry Relive feelings of tension and worry Cause drowsiness Cause drowsiness Slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure, interrupt normal rate of breathing Slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure, interrupt normal rate of breathing Most common depressant is alcohol Most common depressant is alcohol 2 common sedative medications 2 common sedative medications –Barbiturates –Tranquilizers Other Widely used depressants Other Widely used depressants –Rohypnol –GHB Combing depressant produces a synergistic effect Combing depressant produces a synergistic effect –Could cause shallow breathing, weak and rapid pulse, coma and death

16. Barbiturates Sedative-hypnotic drug Sedative-hypnotic drug –Induce sleepiness Effects Effects –mood changes –Sleeping more than normal –Coma –Rarely used for medical purposes –Combining with alcohol can be fatal

17. Tranquilizers Reduce muscular activity, coordination and attention span Reduce muscular activity, coordination and attention span Prescribed to relieve Prescribed to relieve –anxiety –Muscle spasms –Sleeplessness –Nervousness When overused physiological and psychological dependence occurs When overused physiological and psychological dependence occurs Withdrawal causes sever shaking and extreme cases coma or death Withdrawal causes sever shaking and extreme cases coma or death

18. Rohypnol “date rape drug” “date rape drug” Widely available club drug Widely available club drug Comes in tablet form and looks like aspirin Comes in tablet form and looks like aspirin Ten times stronger than tranquilizers Ten times stronger than tranquilizers Dissolves in carbonated beverages, making it easy to slip into a drink Dissolves in carbonated beverages, making it easy to slip into a drink Victim wakes up hours later with no recollection of what has happened Victim wakes up hours later with no recollection of what has happened

19. GHB Gammahydroxy Butric Acid Gammahydroxy Butric Acid Also used in date rape crimes Also used in date rape crimes Available as a clear liquid, white powder and a variety of tablets Available as a clear liquid, white powder and a variety of tablets Easily to overdose on Easily to overdose on Leaves the blood relatively quickly, making it hard for emergency room personnel to determine that it has been ingested Leaves the blood relatively quickly, making it hard for emergency room personnel to determine that it has been ingested

20. Narcotics Specific drugs derived from the opium plant that are available only be prescription and are used to relieve pain Specific drugs derived from the opium plant that are available only be prescription and are used to relieve pain relieve pain by blocking pain messengers in the brain relieve pain by blocking pain messengers in the brain Examples of prescribed narcotics Examples of prescribed narcotics –Morphine –OxyContin –Codeine Heroin is an illegal narcotic Heroin is an illegal narcotic

21. Effects of Narcotics Euphoria Euphoria Drowsiness Drowsiness Constipation Constipation Pinpoint pupils Pinpoint pupils Slow and shallow breathing Slow and shallow breathing Convulsions Convulsions Coma Coma Death Death Highly addictive Highly addictive –Pharmacies must keep records of all sales of these drugs

22. Heroin Processed form of morphine Processed form of morphine Injected, snorted, smoked Injected, snorted, smoked Effects Effects –Infection of the heart lining and valves –Liver infection –Coma –Death –Fetal death if a user is pregnant –Increased risk of pneumonia, HIV, and hepatitis B if needles are shared

23. Hallucinogens Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touch Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell and touch No medical use No medical use Overload sensory controls in the brain causing the brain to intensify sensation and create hallucinations Overload sensory controls in the brain causing the brain to intensify sensation and create hallucinations Impair judgment Impair judgment Increase heart rate and respiration Increase heart rate and respiration Altered mental state can last from several hour to several day Altered mental state can last from several hour to several day Extremely unpredictable effects Extremely unpredictable effects Users sometime harm themselves or demonstrate other violent behaviors Users sometime harm themselves or demonstrate other violent behaviors Common hallucinogens Common hallucinogens –PCP (Phencyclidine) –LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) –Ketamine –ecstasy

24. PCP One of the most dangerous drugs of all One of the most dangerous drugs of all Effects vary greatly from user to user Effects vary greatly from user to user Distorted sense of time and space Distorted sense of time and space Increased muscular strength Increased muscular strength Inability to feel pain Inability to feel pain Overdoses can cause death, but most PCP deaths are caused by the destructive behavior the drug produces Overdoses can cause death, but most PCP deaths are caused by the destructive behavior the drug produces Flashbacks Flashbacks –Causing panic, confusion and lack of control

25. LSD Extremely strong hallucinogen Extremely strong hallucinogen Effects Effects –Convulsions –Coma –Hear failure –Lung failure –Death –Range of emotions Euphoria to deep depression Euphoria to deep depression –Flashbacks can involve a frightening range of emotions long after the actual use of the drug

26. Ketamine Anesthetic Anesthetic –Used for medical purposes mostly in treating animals Club drug Club drug Sold as a white powder to be snorted or injected Sold as a white powder to be snorted or injected Also smoked with marijuana or tobacco Also smoked with marijuana or tobacco Effects Effects –Hallucinations –Dreamlike states –Respiratory failure –death

27. Ecstasy “designer drug” “designer drug” –Synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs –Vary greatly in potency and strength Combination of a stimulant and a hallucinogen Combination of a stimulant and a hallucinogen

28. Effects of Ecstasy Short term feeling of euphoria Short term feeling of euphoria Confusion Confusion Depression Depression Paranoia Paranoia Psychosis Psychosis Long term damage to brain cells Long term damage to brain cells Overdose Overdose Tremors Tremors Paralysis Paralysis Irreversible brain damage Irreversible brain damage Temperature increase Temperature increase Muscle breakdown Muscle breakdown Kidney failure Kidney failure Cardiovascular system damage Cardiovascular system damage

29. Figure 23.4 pg 604 Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs

30. Figure 23.4 pg 604 continued Health Risks of Psychoactive Drugs

31. Drugs affect all 3 sides of your health triangle Drugs affect all 3 sides of your health triangle There are NO benefits from using illegal drugs There are NO benefits from using illegal drugs Choosing to be drug free is one of the MOST IMPORTANT decision you can make to protect your health Choosing to be drug free is one of the MOST IMPORTANT decision you can make to protect your health

32. Real People, Real Stories Pick one of the 4 stories from NIDA’s website to read Pick one of the 4 stories from NIDA’s website to read Answer the following questions: Answer the following questions: –1. What drug was abused? –2. What most surprised you about the story? –3. What short term effects did the drugs have on the people in the story? –4. What long term effects of drug abuse did the person exhibit? –5. If one of your friends was using the drug abused in your story what would you tell him/her?