1. Exit quiz Figures of speech: __1. "Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again.“ a. metaphor b. simile c. paradox d. metonymy __2. "Men's words are bullets, that their enemies take up and make use of against them.“ a. simile b. allegory c. metaphor d. allusion __3. The suits on Wall St. walked off with our savings. a. symbol b. metonymy c. personification d. understatement Examples of imagery: __4. A tap at the pane, a quick, sharp scratch a. auditory b. visual c. organic d. olfactory __5. I’d wake and hear the cold splintering breaking a. tactile b. olfactory c. auditory d. kinesthetic

2. PLOT: A SERIES OF EPISODES THAT IMITATE AN ACTION EPISODIC PLOTS: NOT ORGANICALLY UNIFIED (PROPTER HOC…POST HOC) CHANGE OF IMPORTANCE OVER HISTORY SUB-PLOT: MINOR PLOT BELOW THE MAIN ONE CHARACTER: SKETCH OF PERSON WHO TYPIFIES QUALITY/IDEA METHODS OF PRESENTATION: EXPLICIT: STOP FOR A FULL PARAGRAPH THROUGH ACTION: WITHOUT COMMENT (WE FORM IT) FROM WITHIN: RECORD OF EMOTIONS AND RESPONSES TO EVENTS Devices of fiction

3. Point of view, Narrative Perspective: vantage point of author First-person narrator: person who experienced it is narrating it Second-person: you, your Third: Omniscient: author sees, knows all Omniscient limited: through one or two consciousnesses Objective: camera and live mike (without commentary) Questions we ask: Naïve narrator doesn’t see all Reliable/unreliable? Setting: background of narrative-- geography, time, environment s(moral,social)

4. EPIC: LONG NARRATIVE POEM, IN HIGH STYLE, PRESENTING CHARACTERS OF HIGH STATION WHO ENCOUNTERS GREAT TRIAL OF IMPORTANCE TO A NATION OR A PEOPLE. DRAMATIC: A POEM THAT EMPLOYS DRAMATIC TECHNIQUES, LIKE TWO OR MORE PEOPLE SPEAKING. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE IS GOOD EXAMPLE. LYRIC: SHORT, SUBJECTIVE POEM STRONGLY MARKED BY IMAGINATION, MELODY, AND EMOTION—GREEK: LYRIC (SINGLE) AND CHORIC (GROUP) Divisions of poetry

5. IF YOU STEP IN GOAT VOK SA OUPPSI MAMA A GOAT SOME VOK Helpful Acronym for Imagery and Figures

6. Poetry and Poetics: Imagery GOAT VOK (56) Gustatory: taste Olfactory: scent Auditory: sound Tactile: touch Visual: eye Organic: internal feelings Kinesthetic: motion

7. SYMBOL ALLEGORY OVERSTATEMENT UNDERSTATEMENT PERSONIFICATION PARADOX SIMILE IRONY METONYMY APOSTROPHE METAPHOR ALLUSIONS Sa ouppsi mama

8. Poetry and poetics: Figurative Speech (70) See FIGURE in Figurative—a way of saying one thing and meaning another Opposition to scientific objectivity Hannah Arndt vs. “the facts speak for themselves”: they need a narrative Some 250 different kinds

9. Overarching concept of a figure: All figures may be divided into two senses: vehicle (carrier) and tenor (idea)

10. Example of Vehicle and Tenor The linebacker moved as deliberately as a speeding train (simile) Vehicle → Tenor WITHOUT HESITATION; DIRECTLY

11. Example of Vehicle and Tenor Steven, a shark in all of his dealings, was trusted by no one at the firm. (metaphor) Vehicle → Tenor savage, predatory

12. Basic Figures of speech sa ouppsi mama Symbol (90): represents self and something more Allegory (99): narrative with second meaning beneath it Overstatement (hyperbole) (114): exaggeration Understatement (litotes) (115): Paradox (113): contradictory statement containing truth Personification (74): human features to animal or concept Simile (71): comparison w/ “like” or “as” Irony (117): [sarcasm, satire] opposite of what’ Metonymy (78): element of something to represent whole Apostrophe (77): addressing someone dead/not human Metaphor (71): implied comparison Allusion (135): historic reference

14. Exit quiz Figures of speech: __1. "Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again.“ a. metaphor b. simile c. paradox d. metonymy __2. "Men's words are bullets that their enemies take up and make use of against them.“ a. simile b. allegory c. metaphor d. allusion __3. The suits on Wall St. walked off with our savings. a. symbol b. metonymy c. personification d. understatement Examples of imagery: __4. A tap at the pane, a quick, sharp scratch a. auditory b. visual c. organic d. olfactory __5. I’d wake and hear the cold splintering breaking a. tactile b. olfactory c. auditory d. kinesthetic