1. Five days until break! Today is December 17, 2012 Please take out your notebook and something to write with Agenda (write down HW)

2. 1.Explain the importance of the “full faith and credit” clause and the “supremacy clause.” In what way were they a reaction to the problems under the Articles of Confederation? 2.Describe the relationship between Federalist Papers #10 and #51. 3.Explain the importance of the Bill of Rights and why it was added to the Constitution in 1791. 4.What article allows for amending the Constitution? How many members of each house or state must agree to the amendment (ratify it)? 5.What was the importance of Marbury v. Madison (1803) in terms of a judge’s ability to interpret the constitution? READING CHECK

3. The Articles of Confederation and Shay’s Rebellion: Impetus for Change Chapter 2 What were strengths and weaknesses of the AoC? What was Shay’s Rebellion? Why was Shay’s Rebellion an important force for writing the Constitution?*

4. The Articles of Confederation (drafted 1777; ratified 1781) Continued the structure and operation of the government established by the Second Continental Congress established a “league of friendship” among the 13 independent states Structure was unicameral (single- chamber). Each state had one vote in Congress, no matter size or population.

5. Key terms Confederation: a government where the national government gets its powers from the states; a league of independent states Republic: government rooted in the consent of the governed; representative or indirect democracy Federal system (federalism): government where the national government and state governments share power, derive authority from the people, and powers of national government are outlined in a constitution

6. Achievements of Articles Fair development of land to the west of the Appalachians –Northwest Ordinance of 1787: established the principle that the territories were to be developed for statehood on the equal basis with the older states. Peace treaty with Great Britain –Enlarged US territory by acquiring land from the Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi River and from The Great Lakes and Canada to Florida. Set up Departments for Foreign Affairs, War, Marine, and Treasury with secretaries –Precedent for creation of cabinet departments Encouraged “full faith and credit” of states: states to honor the legal acts of other states

7. Powers under the Articles make war and peace send and receive ambassadors enter into treaties raise and equip navy maintain an army by requesting troops from the states (national guard) appoint senior military officers fix standards of weights and measures regulate Indian affairs establish post offices decide certain disputes among states All other powers resided with states

8. Weaknesses of the Articles No power to levy or collect taxes –State collected money and turned it over to the national treasury –Could not back up value of coinage/money No power to regulate trade –Individual states tried to create treaties with foreign countries No executive branch –Fearful of tyrannical ruler –President=oversees meetings of legislature (John Hanson)

9. No national court system –State courts enforced and interpreted laws –Conflict between states over boundaries and land ownership (VA vs PA) No unity in policy –Unwilling to give up any power or rights –Soldiers resentful of unpaid service No power to enforce laws –Laws needed 9 of 13 states for approval –Not all delegates were in congress at the same time –5 small states could block what larger states wanted –Needed consent of all states for amendments

10. Need for Stronger Government (1781-1787) Debt from the Revolution: Shay’s Rebellion MA adopts constitution 1780 that favors interests of the rich Banks began to foreclose on farmers—many of whom were veterans, waiting for promised pay bonuses by the government Fall 1786: MA legislature enacted law requiring all debts be paid in cash –Daniel Shays, former captain and farmer, leads 1,500 armed farmers to force state courts to close to prevent foreclosures on their land –When pleas were ignored, 1,200 advanced on the federal arsenal –Only after months of scrambling was the MA government able to suppress the farmers (Feb. 1787); this alarmed American leaders fearful of internal rebellion and civil war

11. Annapolis Convention (1786) Called together to discuss commerce, specifically those barriers that limited trade between the largely independent states under the Articles, but ended with planning another convention in Philadelphia for the sole purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.