1. The Articles of Confederation

2. Standards addressed SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. a. Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and Daniel Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger central government. SSUSH 6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth, and its impact in the early decades of the new nation.SSUSH 6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth, and its impact in the early decades of the new nation. a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

3. Essential Question: How did weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and Daniel Shays’ rebellion lead to a call for a stronger central government?

4. Vocabulary Article of Confederation Second Continental Congress Constitutional conventions bill of rights separation of powers. separation of church and state. Central Government Ratification Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Shay’s Rebellion Depression

5. We Won… Now What??? REVIEW: Second Continental Congress in 1775 urges the colonies to organize new governments to replace the colonial governments. Not all do

6. The Need For a Strong Central Government Desire by many for a stronger central government than the state governments. Arguments that since the states had fought and won a war for independence, why should they answer to another government.

7. Articles of Confederation November 15, 1777 (during the revolution) Created a confederation or league of free and independent states. –U–United States of America. Created a Congress w/ two to seven delegates from each state. –E–Each state had only one vote.

8. Ratification Each 13 state had to ratify (accept) the proposal. Maryland last to ratify. 1781- All states surrendered their claims. –Articles of Confederation ratified.

9. Land Ordinance of 1785

10. Western Lands Problems w/ the western lands. –How to control? –How to settle? –How to govern? –How to handle Indians? Question of how to settle the new Ohio Territory that had been given to America after the Revolutionary War. –Treaty of 1783

11. Governing the West Continental Congress agreed that all the new western states would be admitted on equal terms as the original 13. Pioneers move out west at the end of the Revolution. –Daniel Boone- Kentucky and Tennessee.

12. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Established a new way to govern. 1. 1.Ruled by a governor and 3 judges appointed by Congress. (Territory Status) 2. 2.Population reached 5,000 free, voting age males- legislature could be elected and a non-voting delegate could be sent to Congress. 3. 3.Population reached 60,000 free inhabitants, people could draft a constitution and apply for statehood.

13. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 3 other provisions –Barred slavery from the Northwest Territory. –Encouraged public education. –Promised to treat the Indians w/ “the utmost good faith.”

14. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

15. Weak Government Each state had only one vote. –Rhode Island had as much power as Virginia. Laws required 9 of the 13 states to agree. No President or executive. No Courts.

16. Finances Power over money not given to Congress. Each state able to create its own money and value along w/ the Continental money. –“not worth a Continental.”

17. Power Over Trade Each state allowed to do its own foreign trading. No ability to levy taxes on imports. –Britain floods American market w/ cheaper goods.

18. Enforcing Treaties Any 1 of the 13 states could ignore a treaty written by the new govt.

19. Military Power British refuse to leave America. –America unable to pay its debts to Britain or force them out. Unable to deal with the Indian threats in the West. Unable to get the Spanish to allow use of New Orleans.

20. Shay’s Rebellion

21. Depression America suffers a depression. –Sharp decline in business activity and jobs. Farms are seized for nonpayment of taxes. –foreclosed.

22. Daniel Shays Daniel Shays leads a rebellion against the Massachusetts Courts. –Leads 1500 former Continental Army veterans. –Demand end of foreclosures. –Demand representation in Congress. Occupy the courthouse for 3 days.

23. Reaction Governor James Bowdoin orders General Benjamin Lincoln to stop Shays. Militia stops Shays. New governor John Hancock pardons all men who took part in the Rebellion. Alerts Americans to the real troubles of the new nation.

24. Reform 1787 Meeting is called for Philadelphia. For “the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.”