2.  Who can’t vote?  The other 10% males (usually landless poor)  Women  Slaves  Free blacks Between the 1790’s – 1820’s Universal Manhood suffrage Eliminating religious qualifications lowering or abolishing property qualifications Vermont (1791) Kentucky (1792) Tennessee (1796) Indiana (1816) Illinois (1818) Missouri (1821) About 90% of white males can now vote! Universal Manhood Suffrage

3. Voting Requirements in the Early 19 th century

4. White male suffrage increased Led to Party nominating committees/conventions (state level) Voters chose Presidential electors Popular political personalities as leaders Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) Caucuses Party platforms 1824 = last single party election By 1832 two parties: Democrats National Republicans (later Whigs) A New Two Party System

5. Election of 1824 Five Candidates Secretary of State John Quincy Adams (Massachusetts) Secretary of War John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) Secretary of Treasury William H. Crawford (Georgia) Speaker of the House Henry Clay (Kentucky) Senator Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)

6. 4 way race (Calhoun drops out)

8. Who is President? Twelfth Amendment The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote... John Quincy Adams 108,740 popular votes (31%) 84 electoral votes (32%) William H. Crawford 46,618 popular votes (13%) 41 electoral votes (16%) Had a stroke; was out of the race Henry Clay 47,136 popular votes (13%) 37 electoral votes (14%) Andrew Jackson 153,544 popular votes (43%) 99 electoral votes (38%) Election of 1824

9. President up to the House of Representatives Each state = one vote Henry Clay was Speaker Didn’t like Jackson Clay convinced New England and Ohio valley to support Adams Adams is President; Clay Secretary of State Corrupt Bargain? Henry Clay and the “Corrupt Bargain”

10. “Stolen” Election?

11. John Quincy Adams: “Like Father, Like Son?”

12. Very few goals met Some: Adams “too aristocratic” Adams: “above politics” Some: Adams supported monied interests (Hamilton?) Jackson: friends in Congress who refused support of Adams Some internal improvements National road Goals Protective tariffs Internal improvements National bank National university in Washington D.C. Western exploration Standard weights and measures (metric) National observatory Adams Presidency

13. Adams proposed “reform” Increase tariffs on imports Increase tariffs on raw materials Reduced British imports South: less cotton to Britain Hurt southern economy Tariff of 1828 or the Tariff of Abominations

14. Adams supported tribal treaties Georgia got Creek land Adams and Georgia Governor George Troup argued over jurisdiction Georgia threatened violence Adams backed down Continued Southern issues

15. John Quincy AdamsAndrew Jackson Democratic-Republican Party (Democrats) Broad support (South, Chesapeake, Mid-Atlantic, west) “Common Man” Against NE financiers National Republican Party support in NE “Corrupt Bargain” Out of touch? Election of 1828