2. Ps. 81:12, So I gave them up unto their own hearts' lust: and they walked in their own counsels. Gods wrath revealed against those who hinder the truth in unrighteousness (1:18-32) 1. The truth (vs. 19-20) 2. Hindering the truth (vs. 21-23) 3. Gods wrath revealed (v. 24-32)

3. Who God will judge (2:1-16) 1. No one will escape Gods judgment (vs. 1-3) 2. The possible abuse of attributes God intends to work toward mans salvation (vs. 4,5) 3. God will render to every man according to his deeds (vs. 6-11) 4. Deciding factors in judgment (vs. 12-16)

4. I have shown…that it was possible for the Gentiles and patriarchs who were not under Moses law to sin sexually. Why cannot people outside the covenant today sin against the law on the heart, as did the Gentiles who were not sinning against the Mosaic law (Rom. 2:14-15), without sinning against the laws regulating those in the new convenant? (James D. Bales, Not Under Bondage, p. 139) Paul proved they (the Jews and Gentiles at Corinth, sw) were sinners by proving Jews had transgressed the old law and the Gentiles the law on the heart. (Rom. 1:18-25; 3:9-10, 19, 23; 1 Cor. 9:20-21). (Bales, p. 150) V. 15, the work of the law. V. 15, the law = the Law of Moses.

5. Problems with Bales understanding of these verses: 1. It lifts Rom. 2:14-15 from the time about which they are speaking and applies them to people in the New Testament dispensation. 2. Gods Old Testament law was not universal in its application, being given only to Israel. 3. Gods New Testament law is universal in its application (Mk. 16:15; Acts 17:30-31; 2 Thes. 1:7-8). 4. The law to which Paul referred in Rom. 2:14-15 was clearly the law of Moses. It has been done away (Eph. 2:14-16; Gal. 3:19).

6. The failure of the Jews (2:17-29) 1. Advantages of the Jews (vs. 17-20) Gifts (v. 17) Capabilities (v. 18) Place (vs. 19,20; "form" can mean either "embodiment or outward form," [BAG])

7. The failure of the Jews (2:17-29) 1. Advantages of the Jews (vs. 17-20) 2. Sins of the Jews (vs. 21-24) 3. Conditions whereby circumcision profits or is made of no effect (vs. 25-29)

8. A chief advantage of the Jews: The Law (3:1- 8) Paul adds the witness of scripture to his theme that all have sinned (3:9-18) The function of law (3:19,20) The answer to mankinds sinfulness: The righteousness of God (3:21-21)

9. 21, But now the righteousness of God... 22, Even the righteousness of God… 24, Being justified freely by his grace… 25, …To declare his righteousness for the remission of sins… 26, …That he might be just, and the justifier… 28, …We conclude that a man is justified by faith… 30, Seeing it is one God, which shall justify...

10. Father Abraham and the reckoning of grace (4:1-25) 1. What has Abraham found re. justification? (vs. 1-5)

11. 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness. Romans 4:1-5: Boasting works, cf. 3:27; 4:2

12. 1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather, hath found according to the flesh? 2 For if Abraham was justified by works, he hath whereof to glory; but not toward God. 3 For what saith the scripture? And Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness. 4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt. 5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness. Romans 4:1-5: Boasting works, cf. 3:27; 4:2 Meritorious works, cp. 9:30-32; Lk. 18:9-12

13. Father Abraham and the reckoning of grace (4:1-25) 1. What has Abraham found re. justification? (vs. 1-5) 2. How God reckons one righteous (vs. 6- 8) 3. To whom do these blessings come? (vs. 9-16) 4. Abrahams faith in God (vs. 17-25)

14. Conclusion of the theme of universal sin and justification (5:1-21) 1. Results of justification (vs. 1-11) 2. Summation of chs. 1-4 (vs. 12-21)

15. 12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned: in the manner spoken of…in this manner, in such a manner, thus, so (Thayer, p. 468)

16. 12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned: 2 John 7, For many deceiv- ers are gone forth into the world, even they that confess not that Jesus Christ cometh in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the antichrist.

17. 12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned…. 15 But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift…. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift…. 18 So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life. 19 For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedi- ence of the one shall the many be made righteous. 21 that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. 12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned…. 15 But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift…. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift…. 18 So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life. 19 For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedi- ence of the one shall the many be made righteous. 21 that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

18. 12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin; and so death passed unto all men, for that all sinned: 13 for until the law sin was in the world; but sin is not imputed when there is no law. 14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the likeness of Adam's trans- gression, who is a figure of him that was to come. Vs. 12-14: Entrance of sin, participation in sin, and results of Adams work. Adam Mt. Sinai: Law Given

19. 12 Therefore, as through one man sin entered into the world….reigned from Adam until Moses… 15 …For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many. Vs. 12-14: Adam, his works, and results Vs. 15-17: Christ, his works, and results Vs. 12-14: Adam, his works, and results Vs. 15-17: Christ, his works, and results

20. 15, But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift. For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many. V. 15: A contrast in magnitude

21. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment came of one unto condem nation, but the free gift came of many trespasses unto justification. V. 16: A contrast in results

22. 17, For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one; much more shall they that receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, even Jesus Christ. Heaven has more than answered the problem sin caused.

23. 15 But not as the trespass, so also is the free gift. For if by the trespass of the one the many died, much more did the grace of God, and the gift by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, abound unto the many. 16 And not as through one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment came of one unto condem nation, but the free gift came of many trespasses unto justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one; much more shall they that receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, even Jesus Christ. Vs. 15-17: Entrance of grace, participation in grace, and results of Christs work.

24. Vs. 12-14: Entrance of sin, participation in sin, and results of Adams work. Vs. 15-17: Entrance of grace, participation in grace, and results of Christs work.

25. 18, So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life. 19, For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the one shall the many be made righteous. 20, And the law came in besides, that the trespass might abound; but where sin abounded, grace did abound more exceedingly: 21, that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. Conclusion

26. 18, So then as through one trespass the judgment came unto all men to condemnation; even so through one act of righteousness the free gift came unto all men to justification of life. If: Condemnation = Total Hereditary Depravity Then: Justification = Universalism If: Condemnation = Total Hereditary Depravity Then: Justification = Universalism

27. 19 For as through the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, even so through the obedience of the one shall the many be made righteous. If this says Christs righteousness is imputed - Then this says that man inherits the sin of Adam.

28. Rom. 5:21, That as sin hath reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord. Theme of chs. 6-8, Change of dominions

29. Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8) 1. Dominion (6:1-14) 2. What dominion shall we let reign over us? (6:15-23) Servants past & present (vs. 15-19) Consequences of two courses of service (vs. 20-23)

30. Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8) 3. Freedom from dominion of the Law (7:1- 6) 4. Service under the Law (7:7-25)

31. Service under the Law (Rom. 7:7-25) The function of law (vs. 7-13) Man under the Law, under sin (vs. 14-25)

32. Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8) 5. Service under the Law of the Spirit of life (8:1-17) 6. Present suffering -vs- future glory (8:18- 30) Groaning of creation (vs. 19-22) Groaning of Christians (vs. 23-25) Groaning of the Spirit (vs. 26,27) All things work together for good (vs. 28-30)

33. Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8) 5. Service under the Law of the Spirit of life (8:1-17) 6. Present suffering -vs- future glory (8:18- 30) Groaning of creation (vs. 19-22) Groaning of Christians (vs. 23-25) Groaning of the Spirit (vs. 26,27) All things work together for good (vs. 28-30)

34. Change of dominions (Rom. 6-8) 7. If God be for us who can be against us? (8:31-39) (conclusion of chs. 6-8)

35. The State of the Jews (Rom. 9-11) 1. Pauls grief over their lost condition (9:1- 5) 2. They are not all Israel, which are of Israel (9:6-13)

36. Abraham Ishmael Isaac Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, Shuah JacobEsau

37. The State of the Jews (Rom. 9-11) 1. Pauls grief over their lost condition (9:1- 5) 2. They are not all Israel, which are of Israel (9:6-13) Theme of ch. 9: Children of the promise (v. 8)

38. Honor, v. 21 Dishonor, v. 21 (Jews) (Gentiles)

39. honor dishonor (Jews) (Gentiles) Wrath, v. 22 Wrath, v. 22 Mercy (J&G), v. 23