1. M.A.I.N. Causes of World War I

2. As the Industrial Rev spread, it caused more And more competition Between countries for Colonies and markets. After the Congress After the Congress Of Vienna In 1815 Europe did not have a Major war until World War I broke out in _______________

3. As the Industrial Rev spread, it caused more And more competition Between countries for Colonies and markets. After the Congress After the Congress Of Vienna In 1815 Europe did not have a Major war until World War I broke out in _August 1914

4. Africa in 1830 Africa in 1899

5.  By 1900 only two countries were not Colonies – a. Liberia a. Liberia b. Ethiopia b. Ethiopia

6. Another change that had occurred was the ITALY and GERMANY Had become UNITED COUNTRIES. Both felt cheated in Both felt cheated in Getting their fair share Of COLONIES as they Were late to the game

7. In 1884-85 Europe’s Powers had a Conference in Berlin to “work out Problems for the Future well being of Africa.” They Invited ________ Africans

8. In 1884-85 Europe’s Powers had a Conference in Berlin to “work out Problems for the Future well being of Africa.” They Invited _ZERO_ Africans. although Their stated purpose Was HELPING AFRICANS.

9. Better title for this Conference would have been _______________

10. Better title for this Conference would have been Let’s all grab as Much of Africa As possible as Quick as possible

11. Europeans liked to tell themselves That they were “Taking up the White Man’s Burden,” (as a poem by British Poet Rudyard Kipling said) in regard To Africans.

13. This man King Leopold of Belgium Ran an especially Brutal occupation Of the BELGIUM CONGO in the Name of helping Africans

14. Belgium soldiers Virtually enslaved African people. They went men Out to gather Rubber sap while Holding their Families in Concentration camps.

15. If the men did not Bring back Enough rubber Sap, their family Members would Be mutilated. Eventually a Eventually aBelgium Accountant told a British reporter who broke the story.

18. Photography and a FREE PRESS eventually turned public opinion against King Leopold and he had to reform his rule in Belgium. Nevertheless, Belgium continued to rule to Congo until after World War II.

19. Between 1815 & 1914 The INDUSTRIAL REV Had transformed the World AND WARFARE. The American Civil (1861-1865) War gave a preview of What modern warfare Would be like – especially impact of GATLING GUN.

21. Civil War battles such As Fredericksburg and Cold Harbor showed What happened when Forces attacked an ENTRENCHED ENEMY WITH GATLING GUNS- Causalities of 90 to 100 % were suffered. NO ONE SEEMED TO LEARN FROM THIS

23. The Gatling Gun evolved into the Maxim Gun which gave Europeans a greatadvantage over native populations The Modern Traveller Blood thought he knew the native mind; He said you must be firm, but kind. A mutiny resulted. I shall never forget the way That Blood stood upon this awful day Preserved us all from death. He stood upon a little mound Cast his lethargic eyes around, And said beneath his breath: 'Whatever happens, we have got The Maxim Gun, and they have not.'

26. Starting with the Ironclads of the American Civil War, Naval warfare Developed quickly In modern Battle Ships with huge Guns.

28. Most of Europe – especially Britain and Germany- embarked upon an ARMS RACE- Building bigger and bigger navies and Especially BATTLESHIPS.

29. In a great contradiction, as weapons got larger and larger, countries felt more and more vulnerable. Everyone tried to feel more secure by building bigger and bigger military forces– MILITARISM.

30. Countries also tried to make themselves feel secure by entering into ALLIANCES – friendship with Other countries for help in war.

32. As if all of this were not enough, the last half of the 1800’s saw a huge Rise in NATIONALISM- Love of country And/or ethnic Group.

33. All Europeans started feeling great love & pride in their country. Gilbert & Sullivan Were famous Composers of Operettas in late 1800’s London Famous parody Of British nationalism in H M S Pinafore Song “For he is An Englishman.”

34. The Ottoman Empire was called “The Sick Man of Europe” as it grew weaker and weaker.

37. As Ottoman Empire got weaker, many ethnic groups in the Balkans formed their own new countries. This put Pressure on the Other MULTI- NATIONAL country In Europe

39. Austria-Hungary was an old multinational empire which contained many different ethnic groups. Austrians were ethnically German & Austrians were ethnically German & had dominated the country. All government business was conducted in German as were all legal proceedings and college level education. New countries such as SERBIA wanted to be united with their fellow SERBIANS within Austria- Hungary.

40. A-H had been ruled For centuries by The HAPSBURG DYNASTY. The Emperor in 1914 was FRANZ JOSEF who was in his 80’s. His only son had died in a scandalous murder- Suicide many years Before after not being Allowed to marry the Non noble woman he loved.

41. The heir to the throne of A-H was ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND, Nephew of the emperor. In June of 1914 FF and his wife decided to go to the city of SARAJEVO which was near border with SERBIA. Serbian nationalists wanted that City to be part of their Country. A terrorist group The BLACK HAND Decided to act.

43. A terrorist named GavirloPrincip shot the archduke and his wife who both died soon thereafter.

44. Of course, Austria-Hungary wished to declare war on Serbia. But SIX WEEKS LATER ALL OF EUROPE WAS AT WAR. How did that come about???