1. Troubled Relations With Latin America 1. Monroe Doctrine (1823) -“The U.S. will protect nations -“The U.S. will protect nations in the Western Hemisphere in the Western Hemisphere from aggressive Imperialists…” from aggressive Imperialists…” -“The U.S. will not establish -“The U.S. will not establish control over Latin American control over Latin American Nations…” Nations…” 2. Big Stick Diplomacy -Using military might to -Using military might to influence governments & influence governments & policies of foreign nations. policies of foreign nations. -“Speak softly and carry a big stick…” -“Speak softly and carry a big stick…” -Teddy Roosevelt -Teddy Roosevelt

2. I. Latin America: Land People & Culture 1. Land a. Rough terrain a. Rough terrain -Mountains, rainforests, diseases… -Mountains, rainforests, diseases… b. mainly agricultural (non-industrialized) b. mainly agricultural (non-industrialized) -corn, beans, rice, sugar… -corn, beans, rice, sugar… 2. Culture a. Native American and African roots a. Native American and African roots -Natives present when Europeans arrived -Natives present when Europeans arrived - Africans brought over as slaves - Africans brought over as slaves b. Speak Latin languages (Spanish, Portuguese) b. Speak Latin languages (Spanish, Portuguese) -colonized and controlled by -colonized and controlled by Spain and Portugal Spain and Portugal

3. I. Latin America: Land People & Culture continued… 3. People a. Impoverished a. Impoverished b. Lacking education and positive leadership b. Lacking education and positive leadership c. Ruled by violent military Dictators c. Ruled by violent military Dictators -restrict people of basic human rights -restrict people of basic human rights -life, liberty, pursuit of happiness… -life, liberty, pursuit of happiness… -violent revolutions result -violent revolutions result

4. II. Enforcing the Monroe Doctrine 1. Maximilian Affair (1863) a. Mexican government was in debt to France a. Mexican government was in debt to France -had no money to repay French loans -had no money to repay French loans b. Napoleon III of France b. Napoleon III of France -sent European Prince Maximilian to -sent European Prince Maximilian to rule over Mexico with force rule over Mexico with force c. Clear violation of Monroe Doctrine c. Clear violation of Monroe Doctrine - America intervened - America intervened 2. Protect Latin American raw materials a. Pan American Union a. Pan American Union -promote friendship and trade -promote friendship and trade -Organization of American States -Organization of American States

5. II. Enforcing the Monroe Doctrine continued… 3. Blockade of Venezuela (1902) a. Venezuelan government was in debt to a. Venezuelan government was in debt to European Bankers European Bankers -had no money to repay loans -had no money to repay loans b. England, Germany and Italy b. England, Germany and Italy -sent battle ships to threaten Venezuela -sent battle ships to threaten Venezuela c. Clear violation of Monroe Doctrine c. Clear violation of Monroe Doctrine - America intervened - America intervened

6. III. Roosevelt Corollary (KOR-uh-ler-ee) 1. America will protect Latin America from: 1. America will protect Latin America from: a. Unpaid debts a. Unpaid debts b. Attacks from outsiders b. Attacks from outsiders IV. Wilson and Mexico 1. Mexican revolution (1911) a. Violent Dictator overthrown a. Violent Dictator overthrown b. Democratic President took over b. Democratic President took over -murdered by Victoriano Huerta -murdered by Victoriano Huerta -American Intervened -American Intervened