1. =interactions organisms&environment Ecology = study of interactions between organisms & their environment http://www.ecology.info/images/rhinos.jpg

2. species population community ecosystem biosphere ECOLOGICAL TERMS

3. Carrying Capacity=maximumsize population environment Carrying Capacity = the maximum size of a population that can still be supported by the environment http://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_bucket.gif http://hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/carrying_capacity_chart.gif

4. niche: An ecological niche includes: http://www.shenet.org/high/hsacaddept/science/mkilmartin/mkimages/bluejay.gif  Habitat  Nutrition  Competition  Reproduction  Behavior  EVERYTHING…  EVERYTHING about the organism…

5. Autotrophs glucose() Autotrophs synthesize their own glucose (food) CO 2 H 2 OenergylightC 6 H 12 O 6 O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy (light)  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 http://www.ap.stmarys.ca/~ishort/Images/Earth/Atmos/photosynthesis.jpg

6. TheCarbon Cycle The Carbon Cycle http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/carboncycle.gif

7. The Oxygen Cycle The Oxygen Cycle http://www.kminot.com/art/charts/cow_main.jpg

8. The Water Cycle The Water Cycle http://www.coe.ilstu.edu/scienceed/basolo/water/cycle2.JPG

9. Energy FlowEcosystem Energy Flow in an Ecosystem http://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5401.jpg FOODCHAINS

10. Herbivores,Carnivores&Omnivores Herbivores, Carnivores & Omnivores http://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/Bison1.jpg http://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/sci_images/forest1.jpg http://richmond.k12.va.us/schools/thirteenacres/images/grizzly_fish.jpg

11. ENERGY PYRAMID ENERGY PYRAMID http://www.biol.andrews.edu/fb/spring/ch54/5405.jpg

12. PRIMARY CONSUMERS PRODUCERS SECONDARYCONSUMERS ENERGYPYRAMID SECONDARYCONSUMERS

13. FOOD WEB FOOD WEB http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_28/40_07.GIF

14. Bacteria & Fungi decomposers () Bacteria & Fungi are the major decomposers (organisms of decay) http://staffwww.fullcoll.edu/tmorris/elements_of_ecology/basic_components_of_life.htm http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/basidio/mushroomsi.gif

15. Symbiotic Relationships Symbiotic Relationships http://eebweb.arizona.edu/Animal_Behavior/lycaenids/lycaen2.htm Mutualism Mutualism: Both species benefit Example: In pollination mutualisms, the pollinator gets food (pollen, nectar) and the plant has its pollen transferred to other flowers for cross-fertilization (reproduction). Parasitism Parasitism: One species benefits; the other is harmed host Example: Tick gains benefit by sucking blood; host is harmed by losing blood. Commensalism Commensalism: One species benefits; the other is unaffected Example: Mammal dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles. The beetles have no effect on the mammals. http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/tick.gif

16. (Primary) Ecological Succession (Primary) Ecological Succession http://owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/eco/Note/Image694.gif

17. Secondary Ecological Succession Secondary Ecological Succession http://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm forest beech maple trees Originally, this farm field was a deep forest filled with towering beech and maple trees. farming Stage 1. Over time the forest was cleared for farming, bringing about major changes to the kinds of plants and wildlife that could live here. grasses Stage 2. After several years of farming, this field was abandoned. For the next few years, annual weeds, grasses, wildflowers, and other plants invaded the bare soil, creating habitat for mice, meadowlarks, and other open-field wildlife.

18. Secondary Ecological Succession Secondary Ecological Succession http://www.michigandnr.com/publications/pdfs/wildlife/viewingguide/eco_succession.htm shrubs small trees Stage 3. Eventually, shrubs and small trees seeded into the field. As these new plants grew, their leaves and outstretched branches shaded out the smaller plants below, creating a different kind of habitat. Chipmunks and robins were among the animals attracted to this new habitat. oak hickory trees Stage 4. Over time, oak and hickory trees grew tall and shaded out most of the shrubs, creating forest habitat once again. Squirrels and wild turkey replaced chipmunks and robins. Beech and maple seedlings grew much faster in the shade, and soon stretched above the others. As the original oak and hickory trees died and fell, the spaces they left in the forest canopy were filled by beeches and maples growing up from below. beech-mapleforest succession climax community Stage 5. More than 200 years after this forest was first cleared for farming, it returned to beech-maple forest again through the process of succession. For this location, beech-maple forest is the “climax community” - the association of plants and animals that will remain stable until disturbed by an outside force - such as fire, wind, disease, or human activity.

19. BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY http://www.bioteach.ubc.ca/Biodiversity/biodiversity/Biodiversity.gif “ Biodiversity ” “ Biodiversity, the planet’s most valuable resource, is on loan to us from our children.” ---Dr. Edward O. Wilson --- Dr. Edward O. Wilson

20. www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/whatsenergy.html

21. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Reduce, Reuse, Recycle http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=aahe0g&s=3

22. Oklahoma Dust Bowls (1930s) Oklahoma Dust Bowls (1930s) http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=79961&rendTypeId=4

23. Japanese Beetles Japanese Beetles http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/japanese-beetle-soybean.jpg

24. Gypsy Moth Life Cycle Gypsy Moth Life Cycle http://www.clintoncountypa.com/Gypsy%20Moth%20Website/gypsy%20moth_files/image003.jpg

25. Gypsy Moth Larva Gypsy Moth Larva http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/09hp9Ii7kL1oR/610x.jpg

26. Nuclear Power Nuclear Power http://photoblog.dralzheimer.stylesyndication.de/photo/Nuclear%20Power%20Plant%20Cattenom

27. What does the data below indicate? What does the data below indicate? http://www.crcwater.org/onalaska/datainterp.html

28. Algae Blooms Algae Blooms http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0d1z1l852tdmA/610x.jpg

29. Biological Magnification Biological Magnification http://www.cfkeep.org/html/phpThumb.php?src=/uploads/5425ddtinfoodchainl.jpg&aoe=1&w=

30. Acid Precipitation Acid Precipitation http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/acid-rain-1a.jpg

31. Global Warming Global Warming http://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/images/causes02.jpg

32. We are protected by ozone (O 3 ) We are protected by ozone (O 3 ) http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/img/atmosphere-couche.jpg

33. Ozone (O 3 ) Depletion Ozone (O 3 ) Depletion http://ozone.gi.alaska.edu/images/uv_abc.gif http://www.cec.org/ods/images/prn_cecods_ozonedepletion_e.png Human HealthDNAimmune system cancer Human Health: Damages DNA which suppresses immune system resulting in increase of infectious diseases, Skin cancer, Eye cataracts Plants & Trees Plants & Trees: Reduces crop production, damage to seeds; Reduces quality of crops Aquatic Ecosystems Aquatic Ecosystems: Damage to plankton, aquatic plants, fish larvae, shrimp, crabs; Affects marine food chain, damage to fisheries result Materials Materials: Paints, rubber, wood and plastic are degraded faster, especially in tropical regions

34. Biological Control Biological Control http://www.bugsforbugs.com.au/images/C_transversalis3.jpg

35. STEREOMICROSCOPE STEREOMICROSCOPE http://www.startracksmedical.com/supplies/stereomicroscope.jpg

36. Compound Light Microscope Compound Light Microscope http://www.tissue-cell-culture.com/images/products/related/microscopes/1200cm_mscope.gif

37. Wet-Mount & Staining Techniques Wet-Mount & Staining Techniques http://www.sep.alquds.edu/biology/scripts/Biology_english/part_1_1_files/image004.jpg http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/lelab/microscopeuselab_files/image004.jpg

38. Gel Electrophoresis Gel Electrophoresis http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc471/pages/Lecture2/AMG1.12.gif

39. CHROMATOGRAPHY CHROMATOGRAPHY http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_ideas/Chem_img006.gif http://www.ndpteachers.org/perit/chromatography2.gif

40. Oil on Pavement Oil on Pavement http://i.pbase.com/u27/crs/upload/765501.OilonPavement.jpg

41. CENTRIFUGATION CENTRIFUGATION http://www.djblabcare.co.uk/djb/data/image/14/0/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpeg

42. Dichotomous Key() Dichotomous Key (Example) The Living Environment Regents – June, 2009