1. POPULATION & CULTURE The Study of Human Geography 3-1

2.  A. People and Environments  1. people adapt their way of life in response to the surrounding environment (ex. In colder areas, they wear heavier clothing)  2. human activity has dramatically altered the earth’s physical landscape  3. some of these modifications have little impact, while others have been drastic I. Where People Live

3.  B. Population Density – the average number of people in a square mile or kilometer  1. to calculate, you divide the total number of people in a region by the region’s land area

4.  A. The Effects of Growth  1. (-) some say that it will increase famine, disease, and resource depletion  2. (+) some say it will increase technology and creativity  B. Comparing Growth Rates  1. birthrate – number of live births each year per 1,000 people  2. death rate – number of deaths each year per 1,000 people  3. immigrants – people who move into the country  4. emigrants – people who move out of a country II. Population Growth ZERO POPULATION GROWTH Birthrate + # of Immigrants = Death Rate + # of Emigrants

5.  C. Patterns of Settlement  1. The 4 densest concentrations of people:  a. East Asia  b. South Asia  c. Europe  d. North America  2. most of these people live in cities  3. urbanization – growth of city populations – is occurring all over the world  4. rural - countryside

6. AA. Culture is reflected in both objects and ideas BB. Usually passed down from generation to generation CC. Patterns vary from country to country DD. 6 examples of Culture: 11. Culture Hearths – place where important ideas begin and from which they spread to surrounding cultures (ex. Writing) 22. Language – without it, people wouldn’t be able to communicate; reflects a culture’s identity; not all cultures have written languages 33. Religion – helps people answer basic questions about life; beliefs & religious practices vary greatly throughout the world; religious struggles often result in fighting III. The Nature of Culture

7.  4. Cultural Landscapes – where you live and how you use the physical surroundings produces a unique culture (ex. Using tractors vs. handheld tools)  5. Social Organization – social structure is created to help the people of a society work together to meet basic needs; most important unit of organization is the family…although what family is varies from culture to culture; social classes rank people  6. Women & Minorities – some cultures do not allow women or minorities (ethnic or religious) to participate in certain areas of life; sometimes they are expected to disfigure, harm, or hide themselves

8.  A. Cultural Convergence – occurs when the skills, arts, ideas, habits, and institutions of one culture come in contact with those of another culture  B. Diffusion – process by which a cultural element is transmitted across some distance from one group or individual to another  C. Previously, this occurred through migration of people  D. Currently, this occurs via the internet, tv, radio, or other fast technological sources IV. Cultural Change

9.  E. Cultural Divergence – the restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences  F. Repressive governments try to control transportation and communication of their citizens  1. They don’t allow people to leave or move into their country  2. They limit their citizens to reading their newspaper, watching their news programs and shows, and cutting off access to many internet websites from foreign countries