1. Name the countries.

2. The greater the country’s level of economic development, the ____________ the quality of life. higher

3. Describe the population distribution in Africa? It is unevenly distributed

4. The African continent is characterized by large areas of: plateau

5. What is a common characteristic of African rivers? Many waterfalls (cateracts) and rapids impede transportation.

6. Why do many African nations have difficulty exporting goods. They are landlocked.

7. What explains the location of Khartoum, Sudan? It is at the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile.

8. A small mountain range in South Africa together with the prevailing wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere create ________________________. the Namib and Kalahari Deserts

9. What is the sahel? The border area between the Sahara Desert and the fertile grasslands to the south.

10. What problem threatens the sahel region? Desertification

11. What causes desertification? overgrazing overgrazing poor farming techniques poor farming techniques draught draught fire fire deforestation deforestation

12. African nations are major exporters of: raw natural products.

13. What are the characteristics of a developing economy? Low per capita GDP Low per capita GDP Low life-expectancy. Low literacy rate. High infant mortality.

14. Describe the ethnic groups in Africa. There are hundreds of ethnic groups, each with a distinct language and customs.

15. What geographic features hindered the early exploration of Africa by Europeans? A smooth coastline that lacks harbor sites. A smooth coastline that lacks harbor sites. Steep escarpments a short distance from the coast. Steep escarpments a short distance from the coast. Rivers with rapids and waterfalls. Rivers with rapids and waterfalls. Thick, tropical forests in the central part of the continent. Thick, tropical forests in the central part of the continent.

16. List some of the main elements of African culture. Colorful cloth & clothing. Colorful cloth & clothing. Many types of dances. Many types of dances. Use of masks as art and in rituals. Use of masks as art and in rituals. Many types of sculpture. Many types of sculpture. Different kinds of jewelry. Different kinds of jewelry.

17. What are griots? Oral historians and storytellers used by African cultures.

18. Africa’s economic development was hindered by ________________ by European nations during the late 19 th and early 20 th Centuries. colonialism

19. In order to protect unique wildlife and habitats, many African nations have: established national parks and preserves.