1. How we learn Associative and Social

2.  Associative Learning  Classical – Learn associations between 2 different stimuli  Operant – Learning associations between behaviors and consequences

3.  Neutral Stimulus (NS)  Unconditioned stimulus (US)  Unconditioned response (UR)  Conditioned Stimulus (CS)  Conditioned Response (CR)  Bell  Will not make a dog salivate alone  Food  Salivation  Bell  Associated with food, now makes dog salivate  Salivation

4.  Stimuli triggers an involuntary BIOLOGICAL response  What are some example you came up with??  Write down the US, UR, CS and CR for this story.  A man falls in love with a woman. She begins always wearing a vanilla scented perfume. Every time he is around her, he becomes overwhelmed with feelings of attraction and love. After a couple of years, the two break up. Now, every time the man smells vanilla, he becomes amorous.

5.  How is this learning?  Example:  Video Video  Psychologists refer to learning as a “relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience”  Learning by association  Extinction  unlearning response to stimulus  Generalization  attaching a learned response to a similar stimuli

6. Another way that we LEARN!!

7.  Learning that involves a system of rewards and punishments for behavior.  Where have you heard these terms before…a paradigm maybe??  Based off of a system of reinforcements and Punishments  Reinforcements: Positive and Negative  The stimulus follows a behavior, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.

8.  Positive  Receiving a reward for behavior  Learn to associate behavior with rewards  Video Video  Negative  removal or prevention of an unfavorable event or outcome after the display of a behavior  Do not confuse with punishment!!  What are some examples of this?

9.  Walking with a stone in your shoe…causes you pain…removing the stone, relieves the pain.  Putting on sunscreen before going to the beach.  Escape conditioning  Avoidance conditioning

10.  The idea that people can learn through observation in a social context.  Internal mental states are an essential part of this process.  Recognizes that just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behavior.  Bobo doll experiment  Internal rewards, such as pride and feelings of accomplishment  We are able to learn new behavior without demonstrating new behavior.

11.  Modeling  Not all behaviors are effectively learned  Steps must be followed in order to learn Attention – you must first pay attention!! Retention – You must be able to retain the information! Be able to store the info and pull it out later. Reproduction - Once info is retained, then you can begin to perform the behavior…and “practice makes perfect” Motivation – You must find the desire to retain and reproduce behavior. Rewards and Punishments help with motivation!

12.  Observational Learning  Watching someone and being able to imitate it  Disinhibition  Watching bad behavior go unpunished increases chances of engaging in that behavior  What are some examples of social learning?  Commercials!  Clapping when everyone else does.  Looking up at a building if others are. You can experiment with this concept to see if it works!

13.  Punishments must be severe, immediate and consistent—if not, behavior hardly changes  Produce unwanted side effects (aggression, depression)  Learned avoidance—stay away from punisher  Video game violence  Think of what stages children (and some adults with developmental disabilities or psychological disorders) are in cognitively and morally. Does this affect influence of game??