1. The Development of Religious Toleration

2. Focus Question Define ‘Religious Freedom’

3. Widespread Colonization By 1775, Britain controlled 32 colonies in North America Spread from Canada to the Caribbean Wide Range of Demographics Ethnicity Religion Language Customs

4. Colonial Regions – New England Largely English Predominantly Congregationalist Descended from Puritans

5. Colonial Regions – Middle Colonies Mixed population English, Dutch, Germans, African, Scots-Irish New York originally Dutch Delaware originally Swedish Mixed religious denominations Anglicans, Quakers, Presbyterians, Calvinists

6. Regions – Southern Colonies Largely English and African Influx of Scots-Irish Predominantly Anglican Influx of Presbyterians Georgia and Debtors

8. Religious Roots Colonial North America had strong religious roots Anglican Church supreme in the Southern Colonies All immigrants must conform to Anglican faith Puritans supreme in much of New England Joining of Church and State

9. Cracks in the System Anne Hutchinson Preached to groups of men and women Stressed Antinominism Saved do not need to follow rule of law Claimed she received revelation from God Banished from Massachusetts Killed in a raid by Native Americans

10. Calverts in Maryland Maryland settled as a haven for Catholics The Calverts were a prominent English Catholic family Colonization as providing a refuge Religious Divisions Later settlers largely Anglican Trouble between Catholics and Anglicans Act of Toleration (1649) Allowed freedom of worship for those who worship the Trinity

11. Roger Williams in Massachusetts Puritan minister who drifted to the Separatists Called for a clean break with Church of England Challenged ties between State and Church The State was unable to regulate religions Banished from Massachusetts Settled in Rhode Island

12. Rhode Island Williams settled Rhode Island with his followers Promoted his ideas of religion The state could not determine the faith of citizens Called for complete religious freedom and toleration First of its kind in the Americas

13. William Penn and the Quakers Society of Friends developed in the 1600s Promoted fellowship, simplicity, brotherhood Viewed with disdain by other faiths King Charles II owed vast sums to the Penn family Granted Pennsylvania to Penn Penn saw his colony as providing a haven for all Settled at first by Quakers

14. The Colony of Peace Quakers committed to nonviolence Penn took this idea to his colony Required all trade with Native Americans to be completely open and honest Promoted peace in all dealings Planned the settlement of Philadelphia

15. Religious Toleration Pennsylvania open to settlement by all Quakers refused to discriminate over belief Extended to other social reforms Growing dislike over slavery Promotion of social causes