1. English Colonization in North America

2. Focus Question: Is the United States the land of opportunity?

3. Entering the Game Late By the time England was ready: Spain had claimed much of South and Central America France claimed the rich fur lands of Canada and the Mississippi Valley English stuck with the Atlantic seaboard

4. English Advantages Excess Population Enclosure Movement Religious Dissent Geopolitics Growth of Joint-Stock Companies

5. Enclosure Movement

6. Failed Early Attempts Trial and Error Method Patterns established Settlement Breakdown of order and purpose Disease and hunger Trouble with Native Americans Lacked Successful Model

7. The Chesapeake Settled along the James River Defensive Posture Planned by Virginia Company of London Required a commodity Very nearly failed

8. Achieves Success Developed New Model for Colonization Send large numbers of family groups Encourage small, privately owned farms Maintain military discipline Locate goods suitable for trade

9. Pilgrims Progress The Settlement of New England

10. Role of the Protestant Reformation Different groups protested different teachings and practices Lutherans Calvinists Anglicans Development of Puritans in England Wished to “purify” Catholic elements from the Anglican Church Adopted many Calvinist ideas, especially predestination

11. Pilgrims Separatists “Church of England too corrupt for salvation” Set sail for Virginia Mayflower Compact Self-Government with Town Meeting Only Church members voted Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay

12. Rise of the Puritans Centered in East Anglia Great Migration to the Americans 1629-1640 Some 80,000 Puritans fled England for the colonies 20,000 settled in New England Puritans desired to set up a “Bible Commonwealth” “A City Upon a Hill” Massachusetts as the model for the world

14. Puritans in New England Mixed Church and State Only Puritan men could vote All citizens supported the Church State had jurisdiction over ministry Established the “Protestant Work Ethic” Serious commitment to work Enjoyed simple, human pleasures Promoted Education “Old Deluder Satan” law

15. Challenges Religious Dissent Anne Hutchinson and Antinominism The saved did not need to obey the laws of God or man Banished and died in an Indian attack in New York Roger Williams Pushed for a clean break with the Church of England Challenged the ties between church and state in the colony Exiled and fled to Rhode Island Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Puritans spread into the Connecticut Valley in 1636. Governed under the Fundamental Orders A democratic system with rule by the wealthy

16. Challenges (II) “Great Migration” fell off in the 1640s English Civil War brought Puritan leadership Rigid beliefs led to questions Less people sought conversion Half-Way Covenant