1. “Visual clutter for $200” Help Stop PowerPoint Abuse! Patrick R. Lowenthal School of Education and Human Development University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center plowenth@regis.edu

2. Learning Objectives 1.You will be able to describe some of the issues surrounding the use of PowerPoint 2.You will have a list of strategies that you can use to improve the use of PowerPoint in your classroom or online 3.______________________________

3. The PowerPoint Critic Edward Tufte Cognitive Style of PowerPoint

4. Edward Tufte’s Criticisms 1.Low resolution 2.Bullet outlines dilute thought 3.Deeply hierarchical and linear structure 4.Fragments narrative and data 5.Preoccupation with format, not content 6.Decoration and phluff

5. Critiques of Tufte 1.Focused on presentations—not learning 2.Blames the tool 3.Over-emphasis on content 4.Does not offer solutions or strategies to improve the use of PowerPoint 5.________________________________ 6.________________________________

6. Tufte’s Implicit Recommendations 1.Use more useful visuals or give handouts 2.Use clear headings, numbered lists or very few bulleted outlines 3.Design and leverage PowerPoint’s non- linear and non-hierarchical capabilities 4.Use plain, non-distracting backgrounds; use information rich and relevant images

7. Four ways to use PowerPoint 1.For presentations 2.To teach a face-to-face class 3.Computer-based learning 4.Student products

8. Strategies to Improve PowerPoint #1 Sound Instructional Design #2 Visual Literacy & Message Design

9. CARP CARP: Contrast Good Bad

10. CARP: Alignment Good Today I went to the store to buy an apple for my grandmother. Bad Today I went to the store to buy an apple for my grandmother.

11. CARP: Repetition & Proximity Good Introduction xkdkdkdkdkd Body kdkdkdkd Conclusion kdkdkdkd Bad Introduction xkdkdkdkdkd Body kdkdkdkd

12. Bad FONT Good Font Font Matters

13. Good Bad Non-linguistic Representations

14. Some Rules of Thumb 1.PPT should support learning objectives 2.Avoid PowerPoint templates 3.Avoid using more than one level of bullets 4.Less is better: less words & less slides 5.Avoid distracting clip art or unrelated images 6.Avoid distracting slide transitions 7.Use CARP to improve design 8.Avoid using all CAPS 9.Leverage the multimedia: visual & audio when appropriately 10.Don’t let PowerPoint control your teaching Handouts are available

15. The Rules Change Online This slide is an example of what a PowerPoint slide online might look like: More content is better online When developing PowerPoint presentations for online learning, the rules change. The number one reason is because your audience is now sitting right at a computer screen. Therefore, while the two central principles (i.e., sound instructional design and sound message design) remain important because learners often skim instead of read content online, the actual development of the PowerPoint presentation changes and becomes more like designing a webpage. Implications The number one way this impacts faculty is by the fact that one presentation cannot and should not be used for classroom and online courses—that is, unless you are going to include audio or video to supplement the slides.

16. The Rules Change Online This slide is another example of what a PowerPoint slide online might look like: Interactivity When developing PowerPoint presentations online, it is important to recognize and take advantage of the fact that your learner is now able to interact with your presentation. Therefore, including URL’s, video, audio, games, quizzes, can all strengthen your presentation as a learning experience. Bandwidth The size of your files, images that you use, and any video components takes on new importance. As a general rule of thumb, it is hard to email anything over 4mb so you should strive to keep your PowerPoint presentations under 4mb. Home :: Week 1:: Quiz 1:: Week 2:: Quiz 2:: Week 3:: Quiz 3::  Back | Home | Next 

17. 1.Interactivity 2.MS Producer for PowerPoint 3.Articulate Presenter 4.Impatica for PowerPoint 5.Games 6.Digital Stories We need to think of ways to get students to interact and actively engage in their learning. Moving Beyond Text MS Producer is a good tool if you want to add audio and video to your slides. It is also free! Articulate Presenter offers a seamless (but expensive) alternative to Producer. Also has quiz making tools. Impatica is an easy tool to covert PowerPoint slides for the web. PowerPoint can used to create learning games to engage students online Digital stories can be an effective way to build teacher presence online.

18. Resources Resources: PowerPoint Viewer http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=428D5727-43AB- 4F24-90B7-A94784AF71A4&displaylang=en PowerPoint Producer http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=1B3C76D5-FC75- 4F99-94BC-784919468E73&displaylang=en Articulate http://www.articulate.com/ Impatica http://www.impatica.com/imp4ppt/index.html Games http://it.coe.uga.edu/wwild/index.htmlhttp://it.coe.uga.edu/wwild/index.html or http://www.internet4classrooms.com/on- line_powerpoint.htmhttp://www.internet4classrooms.com/on- line_powerpoint.htm Digital Stories http://www.storycenter.org

19. Selected References Gall, J., & Lohr, L. L. (2005). Dancing with the Devil: Can Good People Still Use PowerPoint? Retrieved April 30, 2006, from http://www.coe.unco.edu/JimGall/DevilDancing.pdf Lohr, L. L. (2003). Creating graphics for learning and performance: Lessons in visual literacy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. Norvig, P. (n.d). The making of the Gettysburg PowerPoint presentation. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http://www.norvig.com/Gettysburg/making.html Norvig, P. (n.d.). The Gettysburg PowerPoint presentation. Retrieved January 1, 2006, from http://www.norvig.com/Gettysburg/ Norvig, P. (n.d.). PowerPoint: Shot with its own bullets. Retrieved April 1, 2006, from http://www.norvig.com/lancet.html Tufte, E. (2003a). The cognitive style of PowerPoint. Cheshire, CN: Graphics Press Tufte, E. (2003b). PowerPoint is evil: Power corrupts. PowerPoint corrupts absolutely. Wired Retrieved 11.09, from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.09/ppt2.html Wineburg, S. (2004). Must it be this way? Ten rules for keeping your audience awake during conferences. Educational Researcher, 33(4), 13-14. Winn, W. (1993). Perception principles. In M. Fleming & H. W. Levie (Eds.), Instructional message design: Principles from the behavioral and cognitive sciences. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.