1. The Transformation of American Society
Section One: The New Immigrants

2. I. The Lure of America A new wave of immigrants The journey
Old immigrants million- northwest Europe- protestant
New immigrants million- southern or eastern Europe
Czech, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Russian, and Slovak- most were Catholic, Greek Orthodox, or Jewish
reasons
The journey
1. Ocean journey in steerage

3. II. Arriving in America Ellis Island, New York
1892- Statue of Liberty
Physical exam and questioning
Angel Island, San Francisco
a. Asian immigrants- faced stricter laws

4. III. A New Life Most settled in crowded cities
Low-paying, unskilled jobs
Immigrant communities
Religious institutions- helped with transition
Cultural practices- parents’ old world, children adopted American culture
Immigrant worker- “dirty work”
a. Difficult and physically exhausting

5. IV. The Nativist Response
Many blamed immigrants for social problems- crime, poverty, and violence
Opposed for economic reasons- took jobs and lowered wages
Chinese exclusion
Workingmen’s Party of California
1882- Chinese Exclusion Act- denied citizenship
Immigration Restriction League
1894- literacy test on all immigrants
Vetoed by President Cleveland

6. Assignment
Complete section review questions 1-4 on page 497

7. Section Two
The Urban World

8. I. The Changing City
Second Industrial Revolution- increase in city populations and sizes. WHY?
Traditionally 5 stories then Skyscrapers
Elisha Otis
Steel frames
Mass transit
Public transportation- commuter trains, subways, and trolley cars
Suburbs- result of mass transit

9. II. Upper-Class Life Nouveau riche- new rich
Quickly earned fortunes
Conspicuous consumption- public displays of wealth
Large homes, large parties
Mr. and Mrs. Bradley Martin- $370,000 ball-1897
Donated- art galleries, libraries, and museums, universities
Imitating British Victorian Culture
Social etiquette

10. III. Middle-Class Life Professionalization Middle-class women
Educated workers with specialized fields
a. doctors, lawyers, teachers, or technicians
Professional schools and organizations set standards, issue licenses, and review practices
Middle-class women
salesclerks, secretaries, and stenographers
Most worked in the home- smaller families, purchased goods, new technologies-running water

11. IV. How the poor lived
Long hours, low wages
Tenements
slums

13. V. The Drive for Reform Settlement houses- community service centers
Jane Addams- started Hull House
Provide educational and cultural activities for the poor
The Social Gospel movement
Apply Christian principles to address social problems
Classes, counseling, job training, libraries, and other social services

14. Assignment
Complete section review on page 504 questions 1-4

15. Daily Life in the Cities
Section Three
Daily Life in the Cities

16. I. Education
Reformers and what other groups push for public education? WHY?
Compulsory education laws- must go
Growth of public education
Proper behavior, civic loyalty, and cultural values

17. II. Publishing Increase of literacy- 90% could read Popular journalism
Newspapers, printers
Circulation wars- sensational reporting- yellow journalism
Literature
Dime and nickel novels
About city life

18. III. Leisure Time in Urban Parks
A. City planning- relief and relaxation
Frederick Law Olmsted- Central Park
B. City Beautiful movement
C. Bicycling and croquet

19. IV. Leisure and Sports Organized sports Baseball- neighborhood teams
Aaron Champion- Cincinnati Red Stocking- first pro
William Hulbert- National League in 1876
Football- late 1800’s
Walter Camp- adapted rugby
Popular at colleges
Early game was very dangerous- 18 college deaths, 46 high school in one season
Basketball
1. James Naismith- 1891

20. V. Entertainment Theater Ragtime Shakespeare’s tragic
Vaudevilles- wide variety of short performances
Ragtime
African American musicians develop a new style
Scott Joplin
Dances- Cakewalk, Grizzly Bear, and Turkey Trot

21. assignment
Complete section review on page 511. questions 1-4