Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byAshley Georgiana Thompson Modified over 9 years ago
1
Organizing Your Speech Chapter 11
2
Organizing your main ideas ▪ There are five organization patterns often used Chronological ▪ Organization by time from earliest to most recent or opposite ▪ Past -> Present or Present -> Past How-To Speeches Sequence or series of steps
3
Chronological sequence Points are ordered based on linear time First to last -> last to first Example – 1 Making a cake 1 – first step is to mix ingredients 2 – second step is to bake the cake 3 – third step is to decorate the cake Example – 2 Topic viewed over time “Baseball” 1 – invented as simple game 2 – had a period called "glory days" 3 – became a high profit business Also Past Present Future
4
Use logical sequencing when ordering speeches Make sure that what you say makes sense to the audience Example 1 How a car engine works 1 – The engine burns the fuel 2 – The exhaust system vents the engine 3 – The ignition system starts the car
5
Topical ▪ Used when there are natural division in your central idea ▪ Main points can be covered in any order ▪ Points are independent of each other ▪ Controversial topics ▪ Want to think about placement of points in this situation ▪ Complex topics ▪ Consider putting simplest points first
6
Example # 2 of logical sequencing When information has no clear logical order to follow Get audience involved, but save the best for last 1 – Second most interesting point This will pique their interest and get them listening 2 – Least interesting point You already got them so they might slip away a little (but their still there) 3 – Most interesting point You bring them back all the way and go out with a bang
7
When you are discussing a controversial topic How do I keep my audience from disconnecting from the beginning? Important when audience may be hostile Death Penalty, Abortion, Gun Control 1 – The point audience will agree with most Audience “Let me see what this speakers talking about” Get them listening, even if your not really with them 2 – The point audience will agree with somewhat Audience “Hey buddy, I don’t know if I like where this is going” Their still listening but maybe more critically 3 – The most controversial point Audience “I don’t agree with what you’re saying I’m not listening anymore” Too late, that was my last point, your done listening, well I’m done talking
8
Organizing your main ideas Spatial Organization ▪ Points are arranged based on their location or direction ▪ Near to far or East to West ▪ Can be used to discuss a place or object ▪ State or Country Can be discussed basing main points on landmarks ▪ Earth Main points can be layers of the earth ▪ Giving directions ▪ Using landmarks to guide person
9
Spatial Sequence Points are ordered based on physical location East/West, top to bottom, left to right Example – Earths layers 1 – the core of the earth is in the center of the sphere 2 – The earths mantle is the next layer outward from the center 3 – The crust of the earth is on the outside of the sphere Geographical pattern helps audience see movement from point to point
10
Organizing your main ideas Causal Organization ▪ Used to identify a situation then discuss the effect that results ▪ Cause -> Effect Or opposite Effect -> Cause ▪ Toxic emissions harm the environment ▪ Cause = Toxic Emissions ▪ Effect = Air Pollution ▪ Effect = Damaged Ozone
11
Organizing your main ideas Problem / Solution ▪ Organization that shows how to best solve an existing problem Problem – There has been an increase in crime on campus Solution – More emergency phones for students Solution – Security escorts at night Solution – Security cameras on campus
12
Subdividing your main ideas After deciding organization pattern ▪ Identify supporting points for main ideas ▪ I. The county fair has many activities for visitors ▪ There are a variety of games to win prizes Ball toss…. Shooting baskets… ▪ The many rides will give you hours of fun The huge Ferris wheel… The merry go round…
13
Integrating your supporting material Once main points and subpoints are organized ▪ Incorporate content from supporting material ▪ Word-processing files ▪ If you are typing out your speech plan/outline ▪ Print out sources ▪ Identify what points information supports ▪ Incorporate the support in your outline to strengthen speech ▪ Photocopies ▪ If supporting material is photocopied ▪ Type information into the speech outline as you develop it
14
Integrating your supporting material Note Cards ▪ If you are developing your speech using note cards ▪ Write main points and subpoints with necessary details on notecards ▪ If main point or subpoint uses info from sources Write source info on notecard Place it behind the point it supports
15
Developing signposts ▪ Transitions, Previews & Summaries Transitions ▪ Verbal or Non-verbal movement from one point to the next ▪ Verbal Transitions ▪ “In addition to”, ”also” more examples (Pg 104) ▪ Avoid signaling the end of the speech ▪ Saying “In conclusion” or “Finally” ▪ Will incite audience to stop listening
16
Transitions and signposts Transitions Phrases used to connect the major parts of your speech together Where do you put them? Intro -> 1 st main point 1 st main point -> 2 nd main point 2 nd main point -> 3 rd main point 3 rd main point -> conclusion Simple transitions Introduce what’s coming Summary transitions Review previous point Carry into next point
17
Previews ▪ Initial previews ▪ Preview of points used in introduction ▪ Internal Previews ▪ Previewing some of the upcoming support for main point claims ▪ “Now that I have discussed some of the plant life, lets take a look at animals that reside there” ▪ Questions as previews ▪ Identifying upcoming points using a question ▪ “Now that we know some of the reasons for increased crime on campus What can we do to solve this problem"
18
Summaries ▪ Final Summary ▪ Occurs just before the end of the speech ▪ Summarize main points prior to closing statement ▪ “Today I have discussed the wildlife, activities, & nature sights at Yosemite National Park” ▪ Internal Summary ▪ Statements that sum up the information covered to support a main point "Now that I have shared with you the plantlife and animals in YNP, letts take a look at some of the activities for visitors"
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.