2. Study Guide Romeo and Juliet Act I 9 th Grade (Period II) Ms. Hibaq

3. Literary Devices (terms)? A tool writers use to “spice up” the language in a specific text. This can be used in all writing and is not specific to poetry. EX: Image food with no seasoning? How would it taste? Think of literary devices/tools as the salt, spices, etc in your food.

4. Literary tools/devices EX: Image food with no seasoning? How would it taste? Think of literary devices/tools as the salt, spices, and sweetness….in your food

5. Literary Device/Tool Foil: a character who has qualities that are in shaped contrast to another character, thus emphasizing the traits of each. EX: Mercutio is a foil to Romeo: There contrasting characters help readers better understand their individual traits.

6. Literary Terms Hyperbole: An exaggeration of the truth Ex: I am so hungry I can eat a buffalo- by myself.

7. Literary Terms Foreshadowing : Hints in text that about what will happen later. Ex:Prologue Pun: A play with words that have similar sounds but more than one possble spelling or meaning. ((Scene iv))

8. Literary Terms: Examples of Puns 1. I wondered why the baseball was getting bigger. Then it hit me. 2. Did you hear about the guy whose whole left side was cut off? He's all right now 3. He drove his expensive car into a tree and found out how the Mercedes bends. 4. Police were called to a daycare where a three-year- old was resisting a rest. (extracted from online)

9. Metaphor figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance. Ex: “Juliet is the sun” - Shakespeare

10. Personification Using human characteristics to represent inhuman objects. Ex: The rock sat and smiled. The story of “The giving tree”

11. Characterization What is the difference between being asked: Who is the character? And What is the character?

12. Who is the character? In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet they are: ….. This is different from what is a character in that….

13. What is character? Is the character development which represents a collection of features that bring the people (or animals) to life. It's not just their physical features, but their mental features, their personalities, and their appearance.

14. Character Character is something you can figure out by paying attention to &making an inference on) what they do what they say what they think What they feel what others say about them

15. 3 Elements of Characterization 1. Physical appearance What does the character look like? 2. Actions, speech, and behavior What does the character do? How does the character behave? What does the character say? 3. Interactions with others How other characters in the story react to this character

16. Types of characters Static Characters: When people say that a character is "static," they're referring to the fact that a character doesn't change. (Sound familiar? There's a good reason for that.)Static Characters Round Characters: As a writer, your focus will be on developing your round characters. For readers, these are the characters you'll put the most effort into following and understanding. Ex: Mercutio Round Characters

17. Types of Character Dynamic Characters The opposite of static characters, dynamic characters will undergo some kind of change in the course of the story. Dynamic Charactersstory Stock Characters: Many people think the term "stock characters" is just another way to describe static characters, but not so. Find out why not. Stock Characters

18. Common types of characters Protagonists: What do protagonists have in common with round characters? And what makes the best protagonists in a work of literature? Know what to think about when you begin writing. Protagonistsround characters Antagonists: The antagonist is essential to many works of literature, but is it really just a matter of bad guy vs. good guy? These examples illustrate more complicated scenarios. Antagonists Link for list of traits for characters 2nd link:resource cite http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/les son175/traits.pdf http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/les son175/traits.pdf http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson- plans/using-picture-books-teach-101.html?tab=4#session1 http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson- plans/using-picture-books-teach-101.html?tab=4#session1

19. Personification Giving human characteristics to non-human objects. Ex: The smiling rock. Or The fearless table. Both rock and table are given the human characteristics of “smiling” and “fearless”.

21. Allusion An allusion is a literary device that stimulates ideas, associations, information in the reader's mind with only a word or two. Allusion means 'reference'. It relies on the reader being able to understand and extra the allusion and being familiar with all of the meaning hidden behind the words. Be sure not to confuse it with illusion (not real) which is often the case.

22. Why might an Author use Allusions? 1. The Simpsons television show constantly refers to (some may say, steals from) movies, music, literature etc. In a scene where Principal Skinner is in his office, he suddenly turns to his window and looks out at an old, spooky house while he talks about a tormented relationship with his mother. This is an allusion to the Norman Bates character in the movie Psycho. (About.com )

23. Some more examples of Allusions: "The girl's love of sweets was her Achilles heel," referencing the warrior in Greek mythology, Achilles, who could only be harmed if something hit his heel because he was dipped in magic water as baby when his mother held him by a heel. Achilles' only weakness is his heel, so an Achilles heel reference means a downfall or weakness, in this example a weakness for sweets. (Wiki) Can you think of any?

24. Tragedy Tragedy, a serious play (or, by extension, a novel) representing the disastrous downfall of a central character, the protagonist. For example: Romeo

25. Parts in a Tragedy 1. Tragic Hero: is the individual who experiences the downfall (usually the main character of the story). Ex: Both Romeo and Juliet. Can you Explain? 1. Tragic flaw: The event that leads to the individuals downfall. Ex: Give examples of both their tragic flaws.

26. Irony Irony: is an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant. So, when something is said but in literal something else is meant- this is an irony. This does not just mean that is having opposite meaning- but instead when the spoken words do not convey the underlying meaning Ex: Sir, may I say you are as smart as Einstein ever was. But now consider that everyone in the room - except the boss - knows that the employee has a dog named Einstein, and that dog was the real intent of of the employee's named reference. This would be exquisitely ironic, because the boss would truly believe the employee's statement to be high praise, whereas everyone else would understand the statement as a vulgar insult- underlining the bosses incompetence.

27. Vocabulary Act 1 Adversary: enemy; opponent Ex: There is an adversary among the Capulet and Montague family

28. Vocabulary: Act I Pernicious (adj): harmful; destructive Example: Stop pernicious rumors! Augment: to increase by adding to, enlarging Example: She augmented her GPA by getting an A in every course.

29. Vocabulary: Act I Posterity (n): Future generations; offspring Ex: My father always says, “I worry not for you, but of your posterity”. Obscured (adj): hid; darkened Ex: It was his obscured nature that she obsessed with.

30. Vocabulary: Act I Portentous: ominous; threatening Examples: Amy is an annoying because she is very portentous about what he knows. Propagate: reproduce; increase Ex: :

31. Vocabulary: Act I Deformities: irregularities; disfigurements Ex: There are many deformities that come in a box of dates. Her legs were deformed due to polio. Nuptial: wedding; marriage Ex: People assume nuptials are exciting, when in reality they are exhausting.

32. Vocabulary: Act I Disparagement (n) disparage (v): censure; criticism Ex: Disparagement of ones peers is not allowed in class. Do not disparage good manners Profane: dishonor; make impure Ex: