1. Unit 8: The Cold War

2. Essential Understandings
1) The Cold War set the framework for GLOBAL POLITICS for 45 years after the end of WORLD WAR II. It also influenced American DOMESTIC POLITICS, the conduct of FOREIGN AFFAIRS, and the role of the GOVERNMENT in the ECONOMY after 1945

3. 2) The Cold War was essentially a COMPETITION between two very different ways of organizing GOVERNMENT, SOCIETY, and the ECONOMY:
A) The AMERICAN-led western nations’ belief in DEMOCRACY, INDIVIDUAL freedom, and a MARKET economy
B) The SOVIETS belief in a TOTALITARIAN state and SOCIALISM

4. Origins of the Cold War Vs.
Definition: “The COMPETITION that developed after WWII between the UNITED STATES and the SOVIET UNION for power and influence in the world
Vs.

6. The Cold War lasted from 1945 to the COLLAPSE of the Soviet Union in 1991.”

7. 1945 – A Critical Year
Cooperation during WWII between United States and Soviet Union was a TEMPORARY arrangement.

8. History of Hostility
STRAINED relationship between U.S. and Soviet Union
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION of 1917 – American troops supported anti-Communist resistance
USSR NOT INVITED to peace conferences after WWI
U.S. DIDN’T recognize Soviet government until 1933
Soviets signed a pact with HITLER before WWII
Soviets DISAGREED with Americans/British over battle TACTICS, postwar PLANS during WWII
Americans FEARED communism

9. YALTA Conference of 1945 – Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill met to work out future of GERMANY and POLAND
Germany divided into American, British, French, and Soviet OCCUPATION ZONES
American, British, French zones  WEST GERMANY
Soviet zone  EAST GERMANY
Conflict over future of POLAND

10. Leaders agreed to form UNITED NATIONS
TRUMAN becomes president

11. Conflicting postwar goals
United States
Soviet Union
1) Fought to bring DEMOCRACY, economic OPPORTUNITY to conquered nations of Europe/Asia.
2) Economically strong and politically open world = MARKETS for American products
1) Wanted to REBUILD and protect its own interests = “SATELLITE NATIONS”
2) Spread of COMMUNISM throughout the world = supported totalitarian Communist governments in EASTERN EUROPE

12. Creation of Soviet “satellite nations”

13. Clash of Ideologies Political system DEMOCRATIC government
United States
Soviet Union
Political system
DEMOCRATIC government
Democracy: government by the PEOPLE, either directly or through elected representatives
TOTALITARIAN government
Totalitarianism:
STATE controls all aspects of citizens’ lives, one ultimate leader

14. Economic system CAPITALIST (free market)
United States
Soviet Union
Economic
system
CAPITALIST
(free market)
Capitalism: economic system in which the factors of production are owned INDIVIDUALLY; DIFFERENT SOCIAL CLASSES EXIST
COMMUNIST
(socialism)
Socialism:
economic system in which property/means of production are owned COMMUNALLY; NO SOCIAL CLASSES

15. What happens when countries are divided?
Immediate affects
Long term effects

16. Day that shook the world
Threats of separations become a reality
Discovery Education: Days That Shook the World.
Berlin Wall Seals the Iron Curtain

17. Berlin Wall…so what?
What do you see?

18. San Diego-Mexico Border
What do you see? Who will have it better?

19. Question?
What would happen if we built a wall separating Nampa in half? Wall will be built down 12th street. You cannot cross the wall…ever!
What would you not have access to?
How do you think people on the other side of the wall feel being limited to their area only?
East Valley- between 12th and Happy Valley
Lone Star- is everything from 12th to anywhere else except in East Berlin…
What happens to people who live in East or West but work in the opposite side? What happens to their jobs? Stuck behind the wall when it went up, what happens?

20. Fleeing to the West

21. Stop here…
Truman Video clip
Truman Clip

22. Communism: “economic system in which there is NO state or private property, all goods are owned in COMMON, and there is NO CLASS DIVISION of citizens

24. The “Iron Curtain”
February 1946 – STALIN predicted ultimate triumph of communism over capitalism.
March 5, 1946 – WINSTON CHURCHILL responded while speaking in Fulton, Missouri

25. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an IRON CURTAIN has descended across the Continent…”

26. Marshall Plan
Unveiled by Secretary of State George C. Marshall in 1947
United States supported European ECONOMIC RECOVERY from World War II
U.S. allocated approx. $13 BILLION to Western Europe

27. Berlin Airlift of
Soviets BLOCKED Allied access to West Berlin
Blockade caused severe SHORTAGES of FOOD and SUPPLIES for 2.5 million people in WEST BERLIN
British and American AIRCRAFT made more than 200,000 flights to deliver food, fuel, other supplies until May 1949

30. All the pieces fall together or apart
Berlin Airlift

31. Communist Takeover of China
The Communist takeover in China led by MAO ZEDONG shortly after WWII increased American fears of communist DOMINATION
Rather than being strong allies, however, CHINA and the SOVIET UNION eventually became RIVALS for territory and diplomatic influence
Chinese communist dictator Mao Zedong

32. Elements of the Cold War

33. Containment
American policy that called for the United States to RESIST Soviet attempts to form Communist governments ELSEWHERE

34. Truman Doctrine
Pres. Harry Truman’s 1947 SPEECH before a joint session of Congress, calling United States to take a LEADERSHIP role in the world, and declaring that the UNITED STATES would SUPPORT nations threatened by communism

35. “…I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures…”
Pres. Truman, March 12, 1947

36. Development of Competing Alliances
NATO (1949)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The Warsaw Pact (1955)
US & WESTERN EUROPE promise common defense
USSR & EASTERN EUROPE promised common defense
IF ONE IS ATTACKED, ALL ARE ATTACKED

37. For nearly 50 years, both sides maintained large MILITARY forces facing each other in Europe

39. Arms Race
Struggle between U.S. and Soviet Union to gain weapons SUPERIORITY
DETERRENCE – policy of making military power of U.S. and allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack out of fear
1949 – U.S.S.R. exploded a nuclear bomb = new threat of nuclear war
United States NOT the only ones with the BOMB anymore

41. Soviets focused on long-range rockets called ICBMs (Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles)
May 1960, Soviet military used guided missile to SHOOT DOWN an American U-2 spy plane over Soviet territory

42. Massive retaliation
STRATEGIC DOCTRINE instituted by Pres. Dwight D. EISENHOWER
If the Soviets attacked at all, the United States would respond with TOTAL destructive nuclear force
Established “MUTUALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION”

44. Brain storm it out
On a sheet of paper in your group come up with reasons either for/ or against / or neutrality based on your assigned corner
Why doesn’t America retaliate?

45. Differences between WWII and Cold War
World War II
Cold War
MULTIPLE countries involved (US, Britain, Germany, France, Soviet Union, etc.)
TWO main superpowers (United States and Soviet Union)
CLEARLY DEFINED sides, alliances, and geographic areas (Allies vs. Axis in European, Pacific, and North African theaters)
IDEOLOGICAL /economic lines drawn between two powers (capitalism vs. communism, democracy vs. totalitarianism)
Actual ARMED CONFLICT
MILITARY TENSIONS, but never direct military engagement between two powers
ATOMIC BOMB used by United States
NO nuclear weapons actually used
War ended with VICTORY FOR ALLIES
NO VICTORY for U.S. in Korean/Vietnam Wars, war ended b/c of Soviet Union collapse

46. TOC
Explain why it is called the Cold War?

47. Mini Quiz
What is the Iron Curtain? Not something you hang in your windows.
What is NATO?
Describe the Arms Race? (paragraph)
What are 2 differences between WWII and Cold War? (Compare and contrast in paragraphs.)
Collect it, correct it, have the students correct their own errors in complete sentences and paragraphs. Re-grade. 8 points (2 points each)
1) Imaginary line between communist and non-communist countries.
2) North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
3) Struggle between U.S and Soviet Union to gain weapons. Who has the Nuclear bomb first? What was the policy?
4) Need to compare and contrast…what were the similarities and differences between the 2.

48. Origins Cold War Quiz 4/16-17/13
Why is it called the Cold War?
What is the Truman Plan
What is the Marshall Plan
What is the Iron Curtain?
What is NATO?
Describe the Arms Race? (paragraph)
What are 2 differences between WWII and Cold War? (Compare and contrast in a paragraph.)
Collect it, correct it, have the students correct their own errors in complete sentences and paragraphs. Re-grade. 8 points (2 points each)
1) Imaginary line between communist and non-communist countries.
2) North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
3) Struggle between U.S and Soviet Union to gain weapons. Who has the Nuclear bomb first? What was the policy?
4) Need to compare and contrast…what were the similarities and differences between the 2.

49. Origins Cold War Quiz 4/16-17/13
Why is it called the Cold War?
What is the Truman Plan
What is the Marshall Plan
What is the Iron Curtain?
What is NATO?
Describe the Arms Race? (paragraph)
What are 2 differences between WWII and Cold War? (Compare and contrast in a paragraph.)
Collect it, correct it, have the students correct their own errors in complete sentences and paragraphs. Re-grade. 8 points (2 points each)
1) Imaginary line between communist and non-communist countries.
2) North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
3) Struggle between U.S and Soviet Union to gain weapons. Who has the Nuclear bomb first? What was the policy?
4) Need to compare and contrast…what were the similarities and differences between the 2.