1. FOOD AND NUTRITION Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

2. Warm-Up Which of the following statements are always true? Sometimes true? Which are always false? Which of the following statements are always true? Sometimes true? Which are always false?

3. Warm-Up Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.

4. Warm-Up Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them.

5. Warm-Up Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid fats in your diet. You should avoid fats in your diet. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid fats in your diet. You should avoid fats in your diet.

6. Warm-Up Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid fats in your diet. You should avoid fats in your diet. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid fats in your diet. You should avoid fats in your diet. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Vegetarian diets are low in protein.

7. Warm-Up Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid fats in your diet. You should avoid fats in your diet. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Snacking is bad for you. Snacking is bad for you. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid fats in your diet. You should avoid fats in your diet. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Snacking is bad for you. Snacking is bad for you.

8. Foods Supply Nutrients Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.

9. Foods Supply Nutrients Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy. There are six classes of nutrients: Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy. There are six classes of nutrients:

10. 6 Essential Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water

11. 6 Essential Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used by the body as sources of energy. Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used by the body as sources of energy.

12. Foods Supply Energy Fuel for your body:

13. Foods Supply Energy Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.

14. Foods Supply Energy Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released. Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released.

15. Foods Supply Energy Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released. Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release this energy. Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released. Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release this energy.

16. Foods Supply Energy Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released. Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release this energy. Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues. Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released. Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release this energy. Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues.

17. Foods Supply Energy What are Calories?

18. Foods Supply Energy What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in units called calories. What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in units called calories.

19. Foods Supply Energy What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down in measured in units called calories. For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body. What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down in measured in units called calories. For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body.

20. Foods Supply Energy What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down in measured in units called calories. For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body. However, you need to consider more than just the calorie content of foods. You need to consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all the nutrients your body needs. What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down in measured in units called calories. For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body. However, you need to consider more than just the calorie content of foods. You need to consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all the nutrients your body needs.

21. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

22. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions. Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions.

23. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions. There are two types of carbohydrates: Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions. There are two types of carbohydrates: Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates

24. Simple Carbohydrates Simple Carbohydrates are also known as sugars. Sugars occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk. There are several types of sugars, but glucose is the most important because it is the major provider of energy for your body’s cells. Simple Carbohydrates are also known as sugars. Sugars occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk. There are several types of sugars, but glucose is the most important because it is the major provider of energy for your body’s cells.

25. Complex Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace. Starches are one main source of complex carbohydrates. Complex Carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace. Starches are one main source of complex carbohydrates.

26. Complex Carbohydrates Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants. Fiber is not really a nutrient because it cannot be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream. Fiber passes out of your body without being digested. Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants. Fiber is not really a nutrient because it cannot be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream. Fiber passes out of your body without being digested.

27. Why Fiber is Important Fiber helps prevent constipation Fiber may reduce the risk of colon cancer Fiber may help prevent heart disease Fiber helps prevent constipation Fiber may reduce the risk of colon cancer Fiber may help prevent heart disease

28. Energy Reserves Extra glucose is converted into glycogen. Glycogen is how your body stores extra carbohydrates. If your glycogen stores become full, your body stores the excess carbohydrates as fat. Extra glucose is converted into glycogen. Glycogen is how your body stores extra carbohydrates. If your glycogen stores become full, your body stores the excess carbohydrates as fat.

29. Daily Carbohydrate Intake 45-65% of diet should be from carbohydrates Choose whole grain foods Snack on fresh fruit rather than sweets or soft drinks. 45-65% of diet should be from carbohydrates Choose whole grain foods Snack on fresh fruit rather than sweets or soft drinks.

30. FATS Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves.

31. FATS Unsaturated Fats Found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds Liquid at room temperature Monounsaturated fats: olive oil, peanuts, canola oil Polyunsaturated fats: safflower, corn, and soybean oil Unsaturated Fats Found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds Liquid at room temperature Monounsaturated fats: olive oil, peanuts, canola oil Polyunsaturated fats: safflower, corn, and soybean oil

32. FATS Saturated Fats: Animal fats, such as lard, and dairy products Solid at room temperature Saturated Fats: Animal fats, such as lard, and dairy products Solid at room temperature

33. FATS Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat

34. FATS Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products. Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.

35. FATS Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products. You need some cholesterol Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products. You need some cholesterol

36. FATS Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products. You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you need Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products. You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you need

37. FATS Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products. You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you need Too much cholesterol in your diet can lead to a heart attack Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products. You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you need Too much cholesterol in your diet can lead to a heart attack

38. FATS Trans fats- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils. Trans fats stay fresh longer. Trans fats have similar dangers as that of saturated fats. Trans fats- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils. Trans fats stay fresh longer. Trans fats have similar dangers as that of saturated fats.

39. PROTEINS Proteins can serve as a source of energy Their most important role is growth and repair of your body’s tissues Meat, eggs, poultry, milk, milk products Proteins can serve as a source of energy Their most important role is growth and repair of your body’s tissues Meat, eggs, poultry, milk, milk products

40. PROTEINS Made up of chains of amino acids Amino acids- the body’s “building blocks” 10-35% of diet should come from proteins Vegetarians can meet their protein needs by combining two or more plant proteins to obtain the essential amino acids. Made up of chains of amino acids Amino acids- the body’s “building blocks” 10-35% of diet should come from proteins Vegetarians can meet their protein needs by combining two or more plant proteins to obtain the essential amino acids.

41. Let’s Review… Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy?

42. Let’s Review… Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy? What is metabolism?

43. Let’s Review… Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy? What is metabolism? What is cholesterol?

44. Let’s Review… Which three classes of nutrients supply the body with energy? What is metabolism? What is cholesterol? How does diet affect the cholesterol levels in the blood?

45. Written Response… In your notebook write today’s date and the following prompt:  What high fat foods do you eat? How can you cut down?

46. FOOD AND NUTRITION Vitamins, Minerals, and Water

47. VITAMINS Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.

48. VITAMINS Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body. 2 Classes of Vitamins: Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body. 2 Classes of Vitamins:

49. VITAMINS Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body. 2 Classes of Vitamins: Fat Soluble Water Soluble Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body. 2 Classes of Vitamins: Fat Soluble Water Soluble

50. Fat Soluble Vitamins Require the presence of fat to dissolve

51. Fat Soluble Vitamins Require the presence of fat to dissolve A, D, E, K Require the presence of fat to dissolve A, D, E, K

52. Fat Soluble Vitamins Require the presence of fat to dissolve A, D, E, K Can be stored in the body Require the presence of fat to dissolve A, D, E, K Can be stored in the body

53. Water Soluble Vitamins Cannot be stored by the body Need to be supplied daily by the diet B Vitamins, C, Pantothenic Acid, Folic Acid, Biotin Cannot be stored by the body Need to be supplied daily by the diet B Vitamins, C, Pantothenic Acid, Folic Acid, Biotin

54. Antioxidants Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer.

55. Antioxidants Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer. Vitamins C and E are most powerful Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer. Vitamins C and E are most powerful

56. MINERALS Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil.

57. MINERALS Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil. Needed in significant amounts: Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Phosphorus Chlorine Sulfur Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil. Needed in significant amounts: Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Phosphorus Chlorine Sulfur

58. MINERALS Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc

59. MINERALS Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc *Diets deficient in iron may cause anemia- a condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin. Anemia causes you to be weak, tired, and become ill easily. Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc *Diets deficient in iron may cause anemia- a condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin. Anemia causes you to be weak, tired, and become ill easily.

60. Supplements Not needed if diet contains a wide variety of foods Take only to meet, not exceed, daily requirements Overdose can damage health Not needed if diet contains a wide variety of foods Take only to meet, not exceed, daily requirements Overdose can damage health

61. WATER 65% of body weight is water

62. WATER 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water

63. WATER 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water Water is necessary to maintain homeostasis 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water Water is necessary to maintain homeostasis

64. WATER 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water Water is necessary to maintain homeostasis Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water Water is necessary to maintain homeostasis Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature

65. WATER 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water Water is necessary to maintain homeostasis Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature Electrolytes- regulate processes in your cells 65% of body weight is water Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions require water Water is necessary to maintain homeostasis Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature Electrolytes- regulate processes in your cells

66. Preventing Dehydration Occurs when body’s water content is reduced

67. Preventing Dehydration Occurs when body’s water content is reduced Body loses important electrolytes Occurs when body’s water content is reduced Body loses important electrolytes

68. Preventing Dehydration Occurs when body’s water content is reduced Body loses important electrolytes Females: Drink 8-10 cups per day Occurs when body’s water content is reduced Body loses important electrolytes Females: Drink 8-10 cups per day

69. Preventing Dehydration Occurs when body’s water content is reduced Body loses important electrolytes Females: Drink 8-10 cups per day Males: Drink 12-14 cups per day Occurs when body’s water content is reduced Body loses important electrolytes Females: Drink 8-10 cups per day Males: Drink 12-14 cups per day

70. Let’s Review… How are vitamins different from minerals?

71. Let’s Review… How are vitamins different from minerals? What are the two classes of vitamins?

72. Let’s Review… How are vitamins different from minerals? What are the two classes of vitamins? What role does water play in the body?

73. Written Response… In your notebook write today’s date and the following prompt:  Do you feel it is necessary for you to take a dietary supplement? Why or why not?

74. FOOD AND NUTRITION Guidelines for Healthy Eating

75. Dietary Guidelines for Americans Information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and handle food safely.

76. Nutrient-Dense Foods Choose foods that contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories. Choose foods which are low in saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and salt. Choose foods that contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories. Choose foods which are low in saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and salt.

77. USDA “MyPyramid Plan” Differs from the old “Food Guide Pyramid” Based on age, gender, and activity level Includes physical activity Differs from the old “Food Guide Pyramid” Based on age, gender, and activity level Includes physical activity

78. “ MyPyramid Plan ” Recommended Servings Per Day for 16-Year Olds Activity Level GrainsVeggiesFruitsMilk Meat/ Beans Sedentary Male Female 8 oz 6 oz. 3 cups 2 1/2 cups 2 cups 1 1/2 cups 3 cups 6 1/2 oz 5 oz Moderate Male Female 10 oz 6 oz 3 1/2 cups 2 1/2 cups 2 cups 3 cups 7 oz 5 1/2 oz Active Male Female 10 oz 8 oz 4 cups 3 cups 2 1/2 cups 2 cups 3 cups 7 oz 6 1/2 oz

79. Using the Food Guidelines Meals: Don’t skip breakfast! Whole grains, fruits vegetables Trim fat from meats, avoid fried foods Meals: Don’t skip breakfast! Whole grains, fruits vegetables Trim fat from meats, avoid fried foods

80. Using the Food Guidelines Meals: Don’t skip breakfast! Whole grains, fruits vegetables Trim fat from meats, avoid fried foods Snacks: Choose foods that are nutrient-dense Meals: Don’t skip breakfast! Whole grains, fruits vegetables Trim fat from meats, avoid fried foods Snacks: Choose foods that are nutrient-dense

81. Using the Food Guidelines Eating Out: Choose milk, water or juice instead of soda Choose salad instead of fries Choose grilled instead of fried Eating Out: Choose milk, water or juice instead of soda Choose salad instead of fries Choose grilled instead of fried

82. Let’s Review… What are the four main recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

83. Let’s Review… What are the four main recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? What does it mean to say a food is nutrient-dense?

84. Let’s Review… What are the four main recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? What does it mean to say a food is nutrient-dense? What is indicated by the different bands in the “MyPyramid Plan?”

85. Written Response… In your notebook write today’s date and the following prompt:  Using the Serving Chart, find you activity level. Look at the recommended servings for each band. Which bands are you meeting the requirements for on a daily basis? Which are not being met? How can you improve your diet?