1. Regional Differences North and South 8 th Grade Unit: North and South Lesson: Regional Differences Author: Matt Riegel

2. Table of Contents American Heritage People in Societies Geography Economics Government Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities

3. Objectives After completing this lesson students should: –Understand regional differences that would eventually lead to conflict in the United States –Understand the link between industrialization and urbanization in the North –Understand the international roots of the abolitionist movement – Understand the economic factors of mass emigration to the U.S. –Understand how government policies enabled the continuation of slavery –Understand the development of trade unions in the U.S. –Understand the role of cotton in national and international commerce

4. American Heritage Southern Stagnation v. Northern Innovation

5. McCormick’s Reaper Morse’s Telegraph An inventive spirit and revolutionary machines changed the North Increased manufacturing lead to increased urbanization McCormick’s Reaper Howe’s Sewing Machine

6. Internet Resource Visit the web site below: Inventors Hall of Fame Cyrus Hall McCormick http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/1_1_sear ch.asp

7. History Activities Through the Inventor Hall of Fame, research the 19 th Century inventors listed below and write a two paragraph biography for each. 1. Samuel Morse 2. Elias Howe 3. Matthias Baldwin 4. Cyrus McCormick 5. Norbert Rillieux

8. The South Wealthy planter aristocracy Resented economic growth of the North Depended on slave labor

9. People in Societies William Lloyd Garrison The economic situations of the North and South were diametrically opposed –Growing Northern moral objections to slavery became a point of contention –The preservation of slavery had become the priority of the white Southern aristocracy from as early as 1830, during the Nullification Crisis under Andrew Jackson –Southern elites believed the institution of slavery to be a matter of state’s rights

10. People in Societies Activities “Freedom is not given. It is our right at birth. But there are some moments when it must be taken” 1.Watch Amistad (1997) 2.Discuss in class 3.Research international slave trade 4. Write a one page paper discussing the actions of major historical figures of the film 5. Present findings orally in class

11. Geography European immigration to the U.S. steadily increased during the antebellum period –Resulted from instability in Europe –Immigrants were seeking opportunities that did not exist in Europe Land Employment Freedom

12. Internet Resource Visit the link below: http://library.thinkquest.org/20619/Irish.html

13. Geography Activities 1. Explore the immigration website 2. Write short narrative (three paragraphs) on why many people from Ireland immigrated to the United States. 3. Discuss in class how immigration affected the population of Ireland 4. On a blank map of the U.S., identify Irish points of entry 5. On the same map, identify areas where irish immigrants settled

14. Economics The growth of manufacturing drew immigrants to Northern cities –Cheap labor helped fuel industrialization –Competition for work led to conflict between native-born and immigrants –An oversupply of labor forced wages down –Undercut the bargaining power of early trade unions

15. Internet Resource Visit: Stereotyping the Irish immigrant in 19 th century periodicals http://www.victoriana.com/Irish/IrishPoliticalCartoo ns.htm

16. Economics Activities 1.Discuss in class why nativists resented the influx of immigrants 2.Write one paragraph discussing the positive effects of immigration on economy 3.Write one paragraph discussing how part of the argument against immigration was related to the struggle between skilled and unskilled laborers 4.Research the Know Nothing party 5.Write one half page essay on the similarities between the 19 th century immigration debate and the ongoing debate over immigration in the 21 st century

17. Government In spite of influence of enlightenment in establishment of the United States, slavery not only persisted but grew as the young nation grew Northern states had abolished slavery early in the 19 th century Southern states continued slavery citing need for agricultural labor and state’s rights

18. Antebellum United States 1820 1860

19. A Careful Balance Henry Clay For each free state admitted to the union, the south demanded that a slave state also be added; beginning with the Missouri compromise (1819) Southerners believed that if balance was lost the Northern states would attack the institution of slavery

20. Internet Resource & Government Activities Read and summarize any five of the pages concerning the congressional debate over the Missouri Compromise through the link below to the Library of Congress. Write one half page summary covering each http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/query/r?ammem/hlaw :@field(DOCID+@lit(llac/035/01820367.tif))

21. Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities The right to vote Reduction of land ownership requirements by 1830s –But many Americans still lacked the vote Slaves Free African-Americans (in most places) Women Native Americans Recent immigrants

22. Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities Activities Open the following link: http://www.usconstitution.net/constquick.html http://www.usconstitution.net/constquick.html Research each of the following amendments to the constitution and define its meaning, and who it was meant to benefit: 1. 15th Amendment 2. 19th Amendment 3. 26th Amendment 4. Discuss each in class 5. Take a quiz over the material