1. Reminders/Updates
Mid-Term Grades will be turned in by Thursday morning.
I will not accept take home tests after Wednesday 12 midnight.
Two tests will be averaged.
Be watchful of your absences! I will drop you automatically.
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2. Next Three Chapters: Chapter 7: Political Parties
Chapter 8: Public Opinion, Participation & Voting
Chapter 9: Campaigns and Elections
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3. Prentice Hall PoliticalScienceInteractive
Magleby et al.
Government by the People
Chapter 7
Political Parties:
Essential to Democracy
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4. Party Functions Political Party
An organization that seeks political power by electing people to office so that its positions and philosophy become public policy
Organize the Competition
Unify the Electorate
Help Organize Government
Translate Preferences into Policy
Provide Loyal Opposition
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5. Defined: Political Party
An organization that seeks political power by electing people to office so that its positions and philosophy become public policy
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6. Party Functions
Organize: goal is to win election and win control of government
Nominate Candidate
Register/Activate Voters
Train Candidates
Raise $ For Candidates
In Big Elections: Hire a Campaign Consultant
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7. Parties Unify Electorate
Electorate (are the voters)
Unify electorate in primaries
Example: Hillary Clinton v. Obama
Unify electorate in general election
Example: Get everyone who voted for Hillary Clinton to vote for Obama.
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8. Parties Help Organize Government
Congress: political party with most votes in each house will:
1. elect officers (party leaders)
2. select chairpersons for committees
3. party has a majority of members in all standing committees.
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9. The Party That Controls White House…
Selects officials such as:
cabinet members
federal judges
justices of supreme court
This creates the Spoils System: Loyalty to your party at whatever cost!
Civil Service System
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10. Party: Policy and Opposition
Party will translate preferences into policy once their candidate/s have won.
If the party loses, it provides for loyal opposition.
How? Honeymoon (1st 100 days for newly elected pres.) policies are constantly challenged.
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11. The Nomination of Candidates
Closed Primary System
Only registered members of the party are allowed to vote in the primary
Party Convention
A meeting of party delegates to vote on matters of policy and in some cases to select party candidates for public office
Open Primary System
Voters are allowed to participate in the primary election without declaring membership in a party.
In Texas: March
Last year many Republicans voted for Hillary Clinton
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12. Texas: 2008 Primary Two Ballots (Dem. or Rep.)
Polls closed at 7:00 p.m. and you could vote again when you attended the caucus at your precinct
Precinct chair and secretary were chosen by majority
Group divided into two; each group selected % of people to attend county convention. (formula)
30 days later (County Convention held at TAMIU); at this convention you voted for delegates to attend the state convention in Austin
State Convention (select delegates to go to national conv.)
National Convention (delegates vote for the official nominee to run against opposing party) for president…
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13. $$$$$$$: War Chest Soft Money
Political Parties would raise unlimited amounts
Who gave? Individuals, labor unions, corp., etc..
(BCRA by McCain & Fiengold /Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act) made soft money illegal at the federal level.
Hard Money
Under BCRA: contributions for individuals went up from 1,000 to 2,000.
The maximum in an election cycle to a candidate or party by an individual up from 50,000 to 95,000.
Unlimited (out of pocket)
(Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. Federal Elections Commission)
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14. 2008 Contributions Obama 744 million Individual (656,357,601) PACs
Party
McCain
346 million
Individual (199,404,373)
PACs
Party
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15. The Nomination of Candidates
(a) The executive Committee of the Republican National Convention in Chicago in 1880 (b) Al Gore Celebrates after winning the nation’s first Democratic primary in New Hampshire (c) Parties also seek to attract voters through registration drives (d) George W. Bush campaigning on his way to the Republican National Convention
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16. Party Systems Two party Winner-takes-all system Multiparty
“Wasted vote” syndrome discourages minor parties
Government tends toward stability
Policy change is incremental
Multiparty
Coalition government is necessary
Minor parties have an incentive to persevere
Proportional representation
Governments tend toward instability
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17. Minor Parties: Persistence and Frustration
Ideological Parties
Protest Parties
Single-Issue Parties
Splinter Parties
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18. Minor Parties: Persistence and Frustration
Libertarian Party: 34 million raised 2008 election
Green Party
Reform Party
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19. Brief History of Political Parties
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20. Hamilton vs. Jefferson
Political parties first emerged when followers of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed over major issues on the Constitution and government.
Jefferson’s group took the name Democratic-Republicans. Due to experience with Britain, they feared a powerful central government. They wanted the states to hold greater power.
Hamilton championed a strong national government with a powerful chief executive. His followers called themselves Federalists, after those who supported the Constitution.

21. Realignment Elections
Turning points that define the agenda of politics
There is intense voter involvement
There is a unique disruption of the traditional voting patterns
There is a formation of a new and durable electoral grouping/s
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22. Andrew Jackson was the first Democrat elected President!
Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the US was a war hero who as a general defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of He was the first presidential candidate to run as a Democrat. History knows him as the first President to frequently veto laws passed in Congress.
Jackson was responsible for enfranchising all white males (giving them the right to vote), large Indian removal projects and the distribution of land to white southern farmers. Jackson’s Democrats were also considered the party in favor of slavery and as a result typically won elections in southern states.

23. Examples of Realignment
Grand Old Party (GOP) Republican Party: Abraham Lincoln (Republican) elected president 1860
1860 Republicans: industrialists, financiers, merchants, anti-slavery, northerners..
1860 Democrats: white male southerners (landowners)/pro-slavery
By 1932: Republicans (Hoover) did not bring big govt. to bail people out of debt so those that usually voted for Republicans changed over to democrats (FDR)
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24. South: Solid South (Democrat)
In the 1930’s poor white southerners began to vote for democrats (financial assistance from fed. govt.)
South: Solid South (Democrat)
South today: Solid South (Republican)/ (As Dems. became more supportive of civil rights movement, whites left Dem. Party to join Rep.Party.
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25. History of American Political Parties
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26. Realigning Elections Jacksonian Democrats and Whigs (1824)
Abraham Lincoln (1860): Post-Civil War Republican Dominance
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27. The New Deal Democratic Party (1932)
Realigning Elections
The New Deal Democratic Party (1932)
Roosevelt’s optimism and “can do” attitude in the face of the Great Depression helped cement the New Deal Democratic coalition that won him the presidency
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28. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

29. Twentieth-Century Third-Party Presidential Votes
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30. Divided Government
Since 1953, divided government, with one party controlling Congress and the other the White House, has been in effect twice as long as one-party control of both the legislative and executive branches
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31. The 2000, 2002, 2004,2006 Elections: Into the New Century
50-50 partisan tie in the Senate, slim Republican majority in House and contested presidential vote count
2002
President’s party gained seats in the House and Senate
2004
Bush reelected and his party picked up seats in Senate and House
2006
Democrats win majority in both House and Senate
2009
Democrats hold majority in House, Senate & President
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32. Let us revisit the power of committees…
scsoal.pdf
Committee on Appropriations.doc
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33. Parties as Institutions
National party leadership
(meets every 4 yrs.)
Party platforms
Parties at the state and local levels
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34. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

35. Parties In Government In the executive branch
In the legislative branch
In the judicial branch
At the state and local levels
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36. Parties in the Electorate
Party Activists
Party Regulars
Candidate Activists
Issue Activists
Party Registration
The act of declaring party affiliation; required by some states when registering to vote
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37. BOTAS AND GUARACHES.docx patronformat this article to print.docx
FS_08_primary_summary.pdf
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38. Party Identification
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39. Partisan Realignment and Dealignment
Party Identification in the Electorate
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40. Are the Parties Dying? Critique of the American party system
Parties do not take meaningful and contrasting positions on most issues
Party membership is essentially meaningless
Parties are so concerned with accommodating the middle of the ideological spectrum that they are incapable as serving as an avenue for social progress
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41. Winning wins over principle
Are the Parties Dying?
Winning wins over principle
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42. Campaign Finance Reform and Political Parties
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was passed and signed into law by President George W. Bush in February, 2002
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., Sen. Russ Feingold, D-Wisc., and Rep. Christopher Shays (R-Conn.)
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43. Following The Party Line
A one-party system cannot exist in a democracy. There is no choice of candidates in the elections.
Opposition parties are usually banned.
Communist China, Cuba, and North Korea operate under one-party systems. One-party systems may be based on other ideologies such as religion.
Iran's Islamic Republican Party has established a Muslim state.
This type of religion-based government is called a theocracy.
Communist Party Congress, China
In a one-party system, the government and party are synonymous.

44. Currently…Salaries (Justices & Congress) Why the Pens?
The table below shows the current Justices of the Supreme Court.doc
News.docx
WASHINGTON.doc
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45. Video Clip (Christian Coalition)
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