1. Intellectual and Religious Movements
AP US History Review

2. Deism Product of Enlightenment thinking
John Locke
God as creator, but otherwise removed from human affairs
Major influence on thinking of Founding Fathers and documents

3. First Great Awakening 1720-1740
Emphasized personal relationship with Christ over church ritual
Jonathan Edwards
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
Benefits Baptists and Methodists

4. Republican Motherhood
Modern term for the early Republic belief that women must represent ideals of republicanism
Women should have access to more education so as to raise republican sons
But sphere is the home and no property rights
Leads to educated women who start abolitionism

5. Second Great Awakening
Protestant revival throughout US
Evangelical
Church membership soars
New churches
Mormons
Shakers
Feeds into Temperance and Abolitionism

6. Romanticism Artistic and literary movement of the early 19th century
Rejects rationality and embraces emotion - even dark ones (horror) - and nature
Washington Irving - Legend of Sleepy Hollow
James Fenimore Cooper - Last of the Mohicans
Edgar Allan Poe
Hudson River School

7. Transcendentalism 1820s-1840s
Belief in inherent goodness of people and nature
Both organized religion and political parties corrupt the purity of the individual
Ralph Waldo Emerson - Nature
Henry David Thoreau - Walden; Civil Disobedience

8. Utopianism
Experiments in communal living based on religious or socialist principles
New Harmony, Indiana - Robert Owen
Brook Farm, Mass. - George & Sophia Ripley
Burned over district - western NY state
Edward Bellamy - novel: Looking Backward

9. Mormonism Began in 1820s in Western NY - Joseph Smith
New gospel revealed in Book of Mormon
1830s persecuted in Missouri
1840s Brigham Young brings Mormons to Utah
1857 Utah War

10. Abolitionism Worked to limit and eradicate slavery in the US
Many were Quakers
Many women:
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth
American Colonization Society - Liberia
William Lloyd Garrison - The Liberator
Harriet Beecher Stowe - Uncle Tom's Cabin
Frederick Douglass

11. Cult of Domesticity 19th Century Women must exhibit "four virtues”
Piety
Purity
Submission
Domesticity
Married women should not work nor have life outside the home
Feminists viewed as mentally ill

12. Women's Rights Challenged Cult of Domesticity
Began advocating for women to keep property in marriage
Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony
Declaration of Sentiments
demands suffrage and property rights

13. Nativism 1850s (Native) American Party: "Know Nothings"
Belief that Irish and German immigrants were overwhelming the country
William Poole; Millard Fillmore
Successors: Ku Klux Klan; American Protective Society

14. Social Darwinism
Belief that economic success was evidence of moral character and superiority
Used to justify excessive wealth of Gilded Age rich
Adherents believed it was wrong to help the poor or weak
Herbert Spencer, Thomas Malthus, William Graham Sumner

15. Third Great Awakening 1850s-1900s Protestant revival - social activism
Josiah Strong - Our Country
Felix Adler - Society for Ethical Culture
New sects
Christian Scientists
Pentecostals
Jehovah's Witnesses

16. Social Gospel Late 19th - early 20th centuries
Protestant movement that reacted against poverty, slums and ignorance
Settlement House Movement
Jane Addams
YMCA
Salvation Army
Progressivism

17. Realism Late 19th - early 20th centuries
Movement to represent subjects truthfully, without artistic conventions or flowery language
Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) - Huckleberry Finn
Stephen Crane - The Red Badge of Courage
Ashcan School