1. North and South take different Paths

2. Industrial Revolution
In the 1700s, machines began to take the place of many hand tools
Much of the power that used to be provided by people or animals began to be replaced, first by flowing water and then by steam engines
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in textile factories
Most of these new factories were built on the banks of rivers so the flowing water could be used
The factory system came to be
This is where people would go to the factory and work with the machines
Before the factory system all work was done at home on a person’s own time

3. The birth of Capitalists
Many of these factories need a large investment to get started
This is where the capitalists came into play
They are people who invest capital, or money, in a business to earn a profit
These capitalists will become very wealthy if the factory or mill that they invested in does well

4. Steam Power

5. Steam Power

6. Steam Power
Steam engines made it possible for mills to work year round at no longer needed to be near rivers
Factories and mills began to be made in cities
Here, young girls and children provided cheap labor
Britain tried to keep its industrial secrets
Nobody was allowed to take information about the mills outside of Britain
Many skilled workers were forbidden from leaving the country

7. Steam Engine

8. American Industry Grows
Samuel Slater memorized how to make these British machines and brought that knowledge to the States to make a profit
Mills flourished in the Northeast because there was more capital in that area
U.S. industry did not take off until the War of 1812
Britain had put a blockade on U.S. ports so the U.S. had to become more self-reliant

9. Lowell Textile Mills
Francis Cabot Lowell found a way to improve on the British textile inventions
He built a factory in Massachusetts where he combined spinning and weaving into one building
After he died, his business partners began to expand and built a town complete with boarding houses, a library, and a hospital

10. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Mass production – rapid manufacturing of a large number of identical products
Interchangeable parts – identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers
Before this all parts on products were hand made by professionals and took a lot of time and effort to replace
Because things were being produced more quickly and more efficiently, prices of goods dropped
More people began to purchase these products, which expanded the industry even more

11. Factory Life
Work within these mills and factories was very harsh and would continue to get worse
Many employed children who would work hours a day
Factories were poorly lighted with little fresh air
Many workers got injured because of these working conditions
The company did not care if you were injured and now you were unable to provide for your family
Better working conditions were far away for these workers