1. Early Industry and Inventions
Manufacturing, Transportation, Communication, and Farming

2. Jump Start Get a reading off of the front table
Read the section “Free Enterprise and Factories”
Mark/circle/highlight all people, places, and things
Make the three columns with the works found

3. 5 W’s & H Who was involved? What did they do/invent?
Where did they have the most influence?
When did this take place?
Why did they do/invent what they did?
How did it effect the country?

4. Industrial Revolution
Up until the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing was done in the home
Farm families produced what they needed
This was known as the cottage industry
In the 1700’s, Britain jumped ahead of the U.S. in industrial production
1705- steam engine
Britain carefully guarded their secret…why do you think they would do this?

5. Begins in the U.S.
1789- Samuel Slater came to the U.S. from Britain with plans for a water powered textile mill in his head
What region would be good for water powered mills? Why?
Progress was slow until the Embargo Act of 1807
How did this help?

6. Factory System
The factory system had many workers under one roof working at machines.
Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories.
They wanted the money that factories paid.
This change was not always for the better.
In what ways would industrialization be negative?

7. Factories Come to New England
New England was a good place to set up factories
Had many fast-moving rivers
Ships for quick transport of goods
Willing labor force

8. The Lowell Mills Hire Women
In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts
The factory spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth.
“Lowell girls” lived in boardinghouses supervised by older women
Strict rules
Forced church attendance
Worked over 12 hours a day in extremely loud factories

9. Think-Pair-Share
How did the Industrial Revolution develop in the United States and what type of change did it generate? Pg

10. Inventions: Changes in production, Transportation, and Communication
Interchangeable Parts, Steamboat, Telegraph, Cotton Gin

11. Interchangeable Parts
The first interchangeable parts were created by Eli Whitney
Military hired him to make 10,000 muskets…would take 2 years!
Interchangeable parts- Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product
Whitney created muskets with exactly the same parts, so any part would fit any gun
Factories began producing matching parts to many products
Sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-paid, less skilled workers.

12. The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin
The gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand
From 1 to 50 lbs per day
Resulted in cotton as a viable cash crop
Increased the need for more land and slaves

13. Think-Pair-Share
How did industrialization in the North and the invention of the cotton gin in the South lead to increased sectionalism? Pg

14. Steamboat
Some inventions increased production BUT others improved transportation and communication
1807- Robert Fulton designed a steamboat that could move against the current and the wind
Clermont
The steamboat created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers.

15. The Telegraph 1837- telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse
Sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire
Took only seconds to communicate with another city
The invention of the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other

16. Think-Pair-Share
How did developments in communication and transportation impact growth, development, and urbanization of the U.S.? Pg