1. Violence against Women: The Nursing Perspectives
Asst. Prof. Nanthaphan Chinlumprasert, Ph D., R.N.

2. V I O L E N C

3. Nurses, Always there For You: United Againat Violence
(ICN, 2001)

4. What is violence?
The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation. (WHO, 2000)

5. Typology of violence 1) Self- directed 2) Interpersonal
Suicidal behavior
1) Self- directed
Self-abuse
Family/partner Violence
2) Interpersonal
Community Violence

6. 3) Collective
Social Violence
Political Violence
Economic Violence

7. Classification of Violence
Youth Violence
Child Maltreatment
Violence Against Women by
Intimate Partners
Elder Abuse

8. Sexual Violence
Self-directed Violence
Collective Violence
Organized Violence
The inter-human infliction of significant, avoidable pain and suffering by an Organized group according to a declared or implied strategy and/or system of

9. ideas and attitudes, ……. . Organized violence includes ‘torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’ ……. . Imprisonment without trial, mock executions, hostage-taking or any other form of violent deprivation of liberty. (WHO, 1980, Geuns, 1987)
The definition includes government repression and also terrorist group violence.

10. Estimates of Mortality = 2.3 million people died from Violence
How big is the problem of Violence?
Estimates of Mortality
1998
= 2.3 million people died from Violence
42% (Self-directed)
32% (Homicides-Interpersonal)
26% (War-related)

11. Tip of the iceberg From National Surveys
Physical assaults by intimate partners (lifetime estimates)
5.1 in Philippines
9.5 in Paraguay
22.1 in USA.
29.0 in Canada
34.4 in Egypt

12. Tip of the iceberg
Lifetime estimates of sexual assault among women living in cities or provinces around the world:
in Toronto
in Leon, Nicaragua
in North London
in One province in Zimbabwe

13. 22% among boys (grade 7) in Sweden
Tip of the iceberg
Rates of physical fighting in the past year among adolescent males rang from:
22% among boys (grade 7) in Sweden
44% of boys (grades 9-12) in USA.
76% among boys (grades 8-10) in Jerusalem

14. Injury Surveillance Report on Assaults in Thailand, 1991 (กองระบาด, 2543)
Physical Assault Injury = 11, 367 cases
(Death = 334 cases)
(Data gathered from 10 hospitals)

15. Victim of Violence Who? Who? Who? Domestic Violence
Forced prostitution
Homicide
Rape/Sexual assault
Exploitation
Sexual harassment
Trafficking

16. Violence against women
The United Nations Declaration on the
Elimination of Violence
Against Women. “Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical,
sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty; whether occurring in public or in private life.”
(UN General Assembly 1993)

17. 4 million/year of women in USA were abused/battered
44% of women (5.4 million) age in Thailand
8 million in age group
(Archavanitkul et al., 2001)

18. Violence against women is gender-based violence
Scope
Dowry - related, female genital mutilation, Marital rape, battering, homicide.
Domestic Violence:
Violence in Public:
Sexual assault, harassment, trafficking, forced prostitution, exploitation, Pornography.
Organized Violence:
Unfair social treatment , sex discrimination/ gender bias, ignore to women’s right violence perpetrator or condoned by the state.

19. Root of violence against women
- Power inequalities b/w women and men
- Patriarchal society

20. Gender role Socialization Gender role stereotype
Gender Bias
Gender role Socialization
Gender role stereotype
Rape
Myths
Women sexuality
Men sexuality

21. Social condemn / stigma
What will victim / survivor of violence face?
Blame
Guilt
Physical / Psychological Health Problems
Social condemn / stigma

22. Consequence of violence
- Physical injures / problems
- Psychological problems : Post traumaticn
syndrome, Suicide
- Psychosomatic disorder
- Social stigma

23. What should nurses have in dealing with violence survivals?
- Knowledge
- Positive attitude
- No blame, understanding
- Empathy
- Strict confidentiality
- Respect

24. Nurses’ roles - Build trust - Screening - Private interview
- Holistic approach in caring / nursing
- Advocate

25. Vision of nurse on violence issues.
- nurse’s role in development of health services for
Violence survivals
- nurse’s role in development of body of knowledge
on violence against women.
- Nurse and self development for providing effective
care for any form of violence survival.
- Nurse and violence prevention in Thai society.

26. Thank you