2. Origins of World War I A.Background Causes 1.Economic Rivalry a. Britain b. Germany 2. Colonialism a. Disputes over Control 3. Alliances a. Triple Entente b. Triple Alliance 4. Nationalism a. Political b. Ethnic

3. Economic Rivalry Rapid Industrialization by Germany Threatened Britain Also threatened France France and Britain grew closer

4. Colonialism 1905 and 1911 France and Germany almost to the brink of war Morocco: France vs. Germany Britain sides with France/resents Germany industrial strength. Britain and France develop closer ties.

6. Entangling Alliances Otto von Bismarck/isolate France at all costs Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy & Austria- Hungary Triple Entente: Britain, France, & Russia Alliances to keep the peace

8. Colonialism

9. Causes of World War I: Nationalism  Aggressive Nationalism  France and Germany  Germany proud of military and Industrial strength.  French loss in Franco Prussia War/revenge  Recovery of lost provinces Alsace and Lorraine

10. Nationalism: Eastern Europe Russia -> Pan Slavism Serbia: young just freed nation Ottoman And Austrian-Hungarian Empires afraid of the spread of Nationalism Greece and Serbia Several Balkan States Attack Turkey Balkan states fighting among themselves Powder Keg ready to explode

12. Militarism Survival of the Fittest Militarists painted war in romantic colors Rotation in Service Building up of military Protection of oversees colonies nationalism Britain 2 power standard

13. Assassination in Sarajevo Immediate cause: June 28, 1914 Gavrilo Princip kills Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary Member of Black Hand Serbian Nationalist Group Match that lights the Balkan Powder Keg

14. The War Begins Austria sends Serbia an ultimatum Serbia refuses Germany gives Austria a blank check July 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia European nations begin to mobilize their military forces

16. The Schlieffen Plan Germany’s plan to fight a two front war Wanted a quick victory Germany would lose a long drawn out two front war. Attack France 1 st then Russia/Russia would take longer to mobilize August 3 invade France through Belgium Britain declares war on Germany

18. Bloody Stalemate Western Front Allied Victory at the Marne breaks the back of the Schlieffen Plan Trench Warfare High casualties

19. - " Are'nt those Europeans the same people who send missionaries to civilize us ?"

20. AT THE BORDER between (neutral) Holland and Belgium - An high voltage electric wire, established by the Germans, prevented Belgian refugees to flee.

21. THE STRUGGLE FOR WORLD POWER - The position of the neutrals

22. VERDUN ! - The winner ! ( AlbAlb

23. WAR WINTER - Red becomes even better on white than on green ( Albert Hahn - 1915 - Toelichting op deze prent )Albert HahnToelichting op deze prent )

25. New Weapons Automatic machine gun Submarine Tank Zeppelins

26. Major battles Battles of the Marne 1914, 1918 Battles of Ypres 250,000 killed many drowned in liquid mud Battle of the Somme 1916 4 months British killed 419,000/ Germans killed over 500,000 Battle of Tannenburg Russians forced out of war over a million killed many civilians

27. Global Conflict Russians/ lose battle of Tannenburg Ill equipped/ went into battle lacking necessary equipment Southern Europe War Outside Europe: Ottoman Empire Battle of Gallipoli Turks defeat British Colonies drawn into war

42. Winning the War Conscription Economic Troubles Propaganda Impact on Women Collapsing Morale Revolution in Russia Treaty of Brest Livosk Russia withdraws from the war

45. United States Declares War Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Cultural Ties Zimmermann Note Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points/Self determination

47. WWIWWI Posters

53. The Treaty of Versailles: Major Provisions League of Nations Territorial Losses/Germany returns Alsace Lorraine; French Border extended to the Rhine; Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific Military restrictions/limits size of German Army; cannot build or import weapons, submarines, airplanes

54. The Treaty of Versailles: War Guilt Sole responsibility for the war placed on Germany’s shoulders Germany forced to pay the Allies 33 Billion in reparations over 30 years. Laid the ground work for WWII.

57. The Legacy of War 8.5 Million Killed 21 million wounded War Costs 338 billion, destroys towns, and land in Europe and Russia disillusionment

58. Collapse of the Empires Breakup of Austrian Hungarian Empire –Austria and Hungary become independent nations –Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia were formed –Italy and Romania gained land

59. Ottoman Empire Dissolved Turkey becomes independent Most of the Arab nations were put under the control of Britain and France Russian and German Losses Other nations Formed: Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

60. Armenian Massacre Ottomans traditionally allowed minorities great freedom Nationalism: Turkish nationalists vs minority people who sought their own states. 1890/Over 25 years Christians Armenians were accused of supporting Russian Plans against the Ottoman Empire/Armenians protested/ over 1 million were killed2 million deported to Greece

61. Turkish Nationalism Mustafa Kemal Ataturk General and war hero in Turkey Ataturk: “Father of the Turks” Westernizes and Modernizes

62. Kemal Ataturk Modernization and Westernization Replaces Islamic law with Western European law Muslim calendar replaced by western calendar Western dress State schools: Arabic Script replaced by Western (Latin) script Women : right to vote/western dress Turkey was industrialized: roads, canals, railroads, factories