1. Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Unit VI Caring for Vulnerable Populations

2. Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 26 Communicable Diseases

3. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Historical Perspectives on Communicable Disease Early 19 th Century Epidemics, poor sanitation led to communicable disease Early 20 th Century Leading cause of death in U.S. was communicable disease Early 21 st Century Chronic diseases – leading cause of death in U.S. Communicable diseases – leading cause of death worldwide

4. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Changing World of Infectious Disease Emergence of new disease-causing organisms Nosocomial infections Drug-resistant infections

5. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Global Perspectives for Communicable Disease Control Surveillance Reporting guidelines  Centers for Disease Control (U.S.)

6. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Modes of Disease Transmission Interaction between agent, host, and environment Vertical transmission Horizontal transmission

7. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Modes of Transmission Direct transmission  Airborne  Fecal/oral Indirect transmission

8. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Immunity Acquired Natural Active

9. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Measles, Mumps, Rubella Tetanus, Diphtheria Varicella Influenza Pneumococcal Pneumonia

10. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Contraindications to Immunization Permanent Contraindications Temporary Contraindications  Pregnancy  Immunosuppression  Severe illness  Recent recipient of blood products

11. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Populations at increased risk  Adolescents, young adults, women, minorities  Substance abusers, persons of low socioeconomic status Prevention of STD  Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

12. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Viral STDs Lifetime outbreaks Infection and symptom management

13. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Retrovirus Gradual destruction of immune system Opportunistic infections Transmission

14. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 AIDS Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

15. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

16. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

17. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases Chlamydia  Transmission  Symptoms  Diagnosis  Treatment  Prevention

18. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Syphilis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

19. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Gonorrhea Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

20. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Trichomoniasis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

21. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Prevention of STDs Role of the Community Health Nurse Education Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention

22. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Emerging Infections Ebola Multi-drug resistant TB Hantavirus Escherichia Coli

23. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Ebola Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

24. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

25. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hantavirus Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

26. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Escherichia Coli Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

27. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Lyme Disease Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

28. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Tuberculosis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

29. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Prevention of Tuberculosis Role of the Health Department Role of the Community Health Nurse Use of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine

30. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment

31. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis A Transmission Individuals at high risk Prevention

32. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis B Transmission Individuals at high risk Prevention

33. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis C Transmission Individuals at high risk Prevention

34. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis D Transmission Prevention

35. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Hepatitis E Transmission Prevention

36. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Food and Waterborne Infections Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

37. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Pediculosis Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

38. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Scabies Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

39. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Influenza Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

40. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Rabies Transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

41. Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 26 Community Health Nurse Responsibilities in Preventing Communicable Diseases Core Public Health Functions Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention