2. Part IV Early Childhood Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Physical and Motor Development Features of Physical Development Very regular, continual pattern, except for growth spurt in infancy Continuing Brain Development Brain increases from 25% of adult weight at birth up to 90% at ages 5-6 years

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Physical and Motor Development Influences on Physical Development Genetic Influences Nutrition Disease Psychological Disturbance Socioeconomic Status Secular Trends

5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Physical and Motor Development Growing Motor Skills Gross Motor=large muscle, i.e. Running, climbing, etc. Fine Motor=small muscle, i.e. drawing, writing, etc.

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Cognitive Development Piaget’s Preoperational Period Realism=distinguish between real and internal world and accept differences Animism=belief that inanimate objects are alive, i.e. their favorite teddy bear Artificialism=objects are man-made, i.e. moon

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Cognitive Development Children’s Theory of Mind Children’s beliefs, desires, knowledge and thoughts Attention Span Memory Organization Retrieval or Recall

8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Early Childhood Education Piaget and Montessori Based on developmental theory of behavior Children interact with environment as active participants Project Head Start Helps educate preschool age disadvantaged children to prepare them for starting school

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Language Development Language as Rule Learning Acquisition by 4-5 years;refinements continue to 10 yrs. Phonology=sounds  words Syntax=words  sentences Semantics=interpret meaning of words Pragmatics=how to take part in conversation

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Language Development The Pattern of Language Development Language irregularities Overregularities Bilingualism Bilingual Education programs started with decision in 1974 of Lau vs. Nichols that bilingual children should be taught in their native language, at least part-time ESL (English as a Second Language) programs in most school districts