1. Colonial America Lessons Review Maps Maps Graphic Organizer
Why do people settle new areas?
Teacher Notes
The Big Idea: Why do people settle new areas?
Colonial America
Unit 3 Colonial America

2. Slavery in the Colonies
Lessons
Review
Maps
Maps
Graphic Organizer
Graphic Organizer
Lesson 1
New England
Lesson 2
The Middle Colonies
Lesson 3
The Southern Colonies
Lesson 4
Colonial Life
Click on a Lesson.
Lesson 5
Slavery in the Colonies
Lesson 6
Colonial Economies
Lessons
Lesson 7
Colonial Governments

3. New England Vocabulary Reading Skill Lesson 1
Page 100
New England
Lesson 1
Vocabulary
covenant
common
tolerate
fundamental
slavery
What events shaped early settlements in New England?
Reading Skill
Teacher Notes
Essential Question: What events shaped early settlements in New England?
Make Generalizations

4. New England Write About It!
Page 102
Why did the Puritans want to leave England?
They wanted freedom to practice their religion and to build a colony.
How did the Puritans treat young people?
treated like adults
expected to work hard
must read the Bible and go to school
Teacher Notes
Write About It!
Differences between Pilgrims and Puritans:
Pilgrims wanted to separate from the Church of England but Puritans wanted to change it.
Puritans had more supplies, including horses and a herd of cows.
Puritans arrived in warm weather to avoid the same hardship as the Pilgrims.
Puritans had a charter that allowed them to govern themselves.
They held elections at town hall meeting but only white men who owned land could vote.
John Winthrop was first governor.
They named their first settlement Boston.
Each member of the community had to enter a covenant to abide by church rules or be forced from the community.
In the center of each village was a grassy area called the village common. The meeting house also served as a church. Issues were discussed at town meetings and decisions were made by a majority vote.
Write About It!
What were the differences between the Pilgrims and the Puritans?

5. New England
Page 103
Name three rebels who started their own colonies. What colonies did they start. What beliefs did they have that conflicted with the Puritans?
Roger Williams founded Providence, Rhode Island.
Government should tolerate people with different religious views.
There should be a separation of church and state.
Anne Hutchinson founded Portsmouth, Rhode Island.
People should understand the Bible in their own way.
Ministers should not tell people what to think.
Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut.
Churches should be independent and choose their own leaders.
He wrote Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
Teacher Notes
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a set of basic rules for self-government, including choosing representatives and a governor.

6. New England What was the result of the Pequot War?
Page 104
What was the result of the Pequot War?
Many Pequot were killed or captured and sold into slavery. The defeated Pequot left their land and English settlers moved into areas of present-day New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine.
Teacher Notes
The Pequot War
Settlers surrounded a Pequot village and burned it, killing hundreds of men, women, and children. Many were captured and enslaved.
Settlers took their land in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.
King Philip’s War
The Wampanoag leader, Metacomet, thought his people were selling too much of their land to English settlers.
He led several tribes in an attack against the colonists.
This became one of the bloodiest wars in North America.
Entire towns were burned and crops were destroyed.
Metacomet was killed by Native American scouts who were helping the colonists.
The war ended with his death.
Around 4,000 Native Americans were killed and many more enslaved.

7. The Middle Colonies Vocabulary Reading Skill Lesson 2
Page 106
The Middle Colonies
Lesson 2
Vocabulary
patroon
proprietor
Reading Skill
Make Generalizations
Who settled in the Middle Colonies?
Teacher Notes
Essential Question: Who settled in the Middle Colonies?

8. The Middle Colonies
Page 110
How did New York and New Jersey develop strong economies?
New York and New Jersey developed strong economies because they were situated near rivers, which made trade very easy.
How did Proprietors attract new settlers?
They offered newcomers the promise of free land, religious freedom, and a voice in government.
Teacher Notes
The English took New Netherland. King Charles II gave his brother, the Duke of York, all of the land between the Delaware Rivers and Connecticut, including New Netherland.
Dutch colonists gave up without a shot being fired.
New Netherland was renamed New York, and New Amsterdam became New York City.
The Duke of York gave part of New York to two friends, who called it New Jersey.
Settlers were promised religious freedom and a voice in government, but they had to pay a tax.
There was a diverse population, including German, Dutch, Irish, English, Quaker, and Swedish settlers.
Settlers learned new skills by sharing knowledge.
For example, Swedes taught people to build cabins out of logs, and Scots and Germans shared farm ideas.

9. The Middle Colonies Write About It!
Page 111
What important ideas were included in William Penn’s Frame of Government of Pennsylvania?
the right to free worship
the right to trial by jury
Who were some of the people that settled in Pennsylvania?
Germans escaping wars
German Mennonites
Scots-Irish searching for land
Teacher Notes
William Penn wanted freedom to practice his Quaker beliefs. He started a colony called Pennsylvania or “Penn’s Woods.”
The first settlement was Philadelphia, which means “city of brotherly love.” It became an important center for trade along the Delaware River.
Penn was one of the few people who paid the Native Americans for their land.
Pennsylvania attracted people from many different religions and backgrounds.
Delaware was a part of New Sweden. The colonists wanted to make their own laws, so Penn allowed them to elect their own assembly.
Write About It!
Why did the Middle Colonies have such a diverse population?

10. The Southern Colonies Vocabulary Reading Skill Lesson 3
Page 112
The Southern Colonies
Lesson 3
Vocabulary
plantation
indigo
debtor
Reading Skill
Why did people settle in the Southern Colonies?
Make Generalizations
Teacher Notes
Essential Question: why did people settle in the Southern Colonies?

11. The Southern Colonies Write About It! Page 115
What did the Tolerance Acts allow and why were they important?
religious freedom for Christians
remedy for the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants
Write About It!
Compare and contrast North and South Carolina.
Teacher Notes
Charlestown was the first big city in the Southern Colonies.
This region has a natural harbor, warm climate, and natural resources that made it a center for agriculture and trade.
Plantations were large farms that grew more than one crop as a cash crop.
In Carolina, cash crops were tobacco, rice, and indigo.
North Carolina grew tobacco and sold forest products such as timber and tar.
The economy grew slowly due to the lack of a good harbor.
South Carolina grew rice.
The harbor in Charlestown made trade easy.
English tobacco farmers in North Carolina had little in common with the wealthy French, German, and Swiss planters in South Carolina. This led to the colony splitting.

12. The Southern Colonies Write About It! Page 116
Describe General James Oglethorpe’s plan for Georgia.
Oglethorpe wanted to send debtors to the colonies to work so slavery would not be necessary.
Teacher Notes
King George II gave Oglethorpe a charter to start up a colony. He wanted a military man to protect the Southern Colonies from the Spanish and the French.
At first Georgia banned slavery and treated the Native Americans fairly, honoring treaties with them and protecting them from dishonest traders.
Oglethorpe tried to build a classless society.
Few debtors settled in Georgia but many others came.
The colony promised freedom of religion to all Protestant Christians.
Colonists were given free land to use for 10 years, which attracted settlers looking for a better life.
Religious refugees from Germany and Switzerland settled the colony.
Georgia had the highest percentage of non-British settlers than any other British colony in America.
At first they grew tobacco, but rice became the main cash crop.
Colonists smuggled enslaved workers from Georgia.
Write About It!
Why did settlers come to the Southern Colonies?

13. Colonial Life Vocabulary Reading Skill Lesson 4
Page 118
Colonial Life
Lesson 4
Vocabulary
slave trade
apprentice
growth rate
Great Awakening
backcountry
Why did people come to the colonies and what did they do?
Reading Skill
Teacher Notes
Essential Question: Why did people come to the colonies and what did they do?
Make Generalizations

14. Colonial Life Write About It! Page 122 Why did people come to America?
fled wars or food shortages
drawn to the promise of cheap land, economic opportunity, and religious freedom
enslaved and forced to work
How did Benjamin Franklin help Philadelphia grow?
He started the University of Pennsylvania, established the first fire department and public library, and improved the city’s police department and postal system.
Teacher Notes
The voyage to America was difficult for enslaved people.
It took between two and three months.
Ships were crowded, damp, and filthy.
Many people died because ships sank, and because of food and water shortages.
The slave trade was the business of buying and selling people.
One out of seven captives died from starvation, disease, or poor treatment.
They had no hope of being freed and were considered property.
Indentured servants worked for 5–7 years to pay the price of their voyage to America.
They received food, clothing, and shelter.
When service was over, they received farmland, animals, and supplies of lumber and tools.
Between 50–66 percent of early settlers began life in the colonies as indentured servants.
They were freed from service when their contracts expired, but were often treated badly by harsh masters.
Write About It!
Compare and contrast the lives of enslaved Africans and indentured servants.

15. Slavery in the Colonies
Page 124
Slavery in the Colonies
Lesson 5
Vocabulary
slave codes
spiritual
Reading Skill
Make Generalizations
How did slavery develop in the English colonies?
Teacher Notes
Essential Question: How did Slavery develop in the English colonies?

16. Slavery in the Colonies
Page 126
What was the slave trade?
The slave trade was the transporting of enslaved people from Africa to other areas for profit.
What were the slave codes?
The slave codes were a set of laws for enslaved workers.
They forbade them from learning to read and write.
They limited the movements of free Africans.
Teacher Notes
For a long time, the English believed people who were not Christians could rightly be enslaved.
Many Europeans became rich kidnapping, transporting, and selling captive Africans.
In 1641 Massachusetts became the first colony to make slavery legal.
Colonists believed slavery was needed for the colonial economy to grow and stay strong.
The demand for enslaved workers kept growing, so the colonists changed the laws.
Northern Colonies:
Enslaved Africans worked in New England’s shipyards and on farms..
Southern Colonies:
Farms were large and grew cash crops, like tobacco.
In South Carolina more than half the colony’s population was enslaved
Africans by 1725.
Write About It!
How was slavery in the South different from slavery in the North?

17. Slavery in the Colonies
Page 127
Make generalizations from what you learned in Lesson 5 and from what you already know.
Text Clues
What You Know
Generalization
Northern colonies built slave ships.
Enslaved workers helped to build ships.
Enslaved labor was needed in both the North and the South.
New York had the largest enslaved population in the North.
Enslaved workers were used in construction.
Teacher Notes
What You Know
Enslaved workers helped to build ships.
Enslaved workers were used in construction.
Enslaved workers were needed on farms and plantations.
Generalization
Enslaved labor was needed in both the North and the South.
Enslaved workers were needed on farms and plantations.
Southern cash crops were labor-intensive.

18. Colonial Economies Vocabulary Reading Skill Lesson 6
Page 130
Colonial Economies
Lesson 6
Vocabulary
triangular trade
Middle Passage
industry
How did the economies of the Thirteen Colonies develop?
Reading Skill
Make Generalizations
Teacher Notes
Essential Question: How did the economies of the Thirteen Colonies develop?

19. Colonial Economies Draw It! What were the Navigation Acts?
Page 131
What were the Navigation Acts?
The Navigation Acts were trade laws England passed to control colonial trade.
Draw It!
Teacher Notes
The Navigation Acts controlled what colonists could make.
This made it illegal for the colonies to manufacture goods that competed with English goods, such as hats, nails, and horseshoes.
The Navigation Acts also listed goods colonists could sell only to England or to its colonies. The list included farm products such as sugar, tobacco, lumber, cotton, wool, and indigo.
England charged colonists high shipping costs.
A new law said everything the colonies imported had to first be shipped to England and taxed.
Colonists claimed England was destroying the economy so they ignored the laws and turned to smuggling.
Triangular Trade
Ships on the triangular trade sold products and picked up cargo at each stop.
Draw the triangular trade routes and explain each leg of the routes.

20. Colonial Economies
Page 135
What were the most important exports of New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies?
New England – lumber, ships, fish
The Middle Colonies – wheat, cheese, crafts
The Southern Colonies – tobacco, rice, indigo
Why did each region have a different economy?
Climate, natural resources, and access to transportation varied.
Teacher Notes
In New England shipbuilding and fishing were important.
In the Middle Colonies wheat and cheese were important.
In the Southern Colonies tobacco, rice, and indigo were important.

21. Colonial Governments Vocabulary Reading Skill Lesson 7
Page 136
Colonial Governments
Lesson 7
Vocabulary
assembly
legislation
Reading Skill
Make Generalizations
What events shaped the development of colonial governments?
Teacher Notes
Essential Question: What events shaped the development of colonial governments?

22. Colonial Governments Page 139
Colonial assemblies made laws and were the first step on the road to self-government. Were all people treated equally?
Women, indentured servants, enslaved Africans, and Native Americans could not vote or hold office. At first only white men who owned land could vote.
What important ideas did John Locke express?
John Locke believed all people have natural rights.
life
freedom
right to own property
The government should protect these rights.
Teacher Notes
English kings allowed the colonies to make their own laws. These laws had to be approved by England’s government.
Colonial assemblies gathered to make laws for their colonies. This was the first step on the road to self-government.
Colonial governments were unfair to many groups. Women, indentured servants, enslaved Africans, and Native Americans could not vote or hold office.
Colonists expected assemblies to represent their views.
The Virginia Charter stated that colonists would have the same freedoms as people born in England.
Democracy comes from two Greek words meaning “power” and “people.”

23. Review Why did people come to America?
They were looking for religious freedom, a better life, or they were enslaved.
What were the slave codes?
The slave codes were a set of laws for enslaved workers and free Africans. They forbade them from learning to read and write. They limited the movements of free Africans.
What were the Navigation Acts and how did the colonists feel about them?
Answers
They were looking for religious freedom, a better life, or they were enslaved.
The slave codes were a set of laws for enslaved workers and free Africans. They forbade them from learning to read and write. They limited the movements of free Africans.
The Navigation Acts were trade laws enacted by England to control what and how the colonists could trade. The colonists believed these laws were unfair and ignored them.
The Navigation Acts were trade laws enacted by England to control what and how the colonists could trade. The colonists believed these laws were unfair and ignored them.

24. Review Match the person with his ideas.
Government should be tolerant of people with different religious views. There should be separation of church and state.
Roger Williams
Wrote The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
Thomas Hooker
Believed in the right to free worship and the right to a trial by jury.
William Penn
All people have natural rights such as life, freedom, and the right to own property.
John Locke
Answers
Roger Williams
Thomas Hooker
William Penn
John Locke
John Zenger
Believed in freedom of the press.
John Zenger
John Locke
John Zenger
Roger Williams
William Penn
Thomas Hooker 24

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26. Graphic Organizer Make Generalizations
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