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Psychology of Learning EXP4404 Chapter 9: Observational Learning Dr. Steve
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Topics Covered Observational Learning Defined Observational Learning vs. Imitation Generalized Imitation Variables Affecting Observational Learning Theories of Observational Learning Applications and Interpretations Mirror Neurons
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Observational Learning Observational (Vicarious) Learning – Vicarious Reinforcement Vicarious Punishment
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Observational Learning Herbert & Harsh (1944)
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Observational Learning Rosekrans & Hartup (1967) – Pre-school children watched as an adult bopped a bobo doll on the head with a mallet and made comments such as, “I’ll knock your head off.” Another adult either praised or criticized the model
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Observational Learning vs. Imitation Observational learning can occur without imitation Generalized Imitation
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Variables Affecting Observational Learning Consequences of Model’s Behavior Hirata & Morimura (2000) Consequences of Observer’s Behavior
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Variables Affecting Observational Learning Characteristics of the Model – Observers are more likely to learn from model when the model is perceived as: Observers more like to imitate models that are:
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Variables Affecting Observational Learning Observer’s Age – “It depends” Levy Lonsdorf Coates & Hartup Kawamura
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Theories of Observational Learning Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory – Observational learning involves 4 processes: 1. Attentional Processes 1. Retentional Processes 1. Motor Reproductive Processes 1. Motivational Processes
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Theories of Observational Learning Miller-Dollard Reinforcement Theory – Imitated behaviors were only repeated if Potential problems:
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Applications of Observational Learning Foraging Kawamura Sherry & Galef Gaudet & Fenton
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Applications of Observational Learning Crime and Television Bandura’s bobo doll studies found that children were more likely to play aggressively after watching adult on video act aggressively
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Theories of Observational Learning Mirror Neuron Mirror Neuron
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