1. Canine Respiration Imaging Quiz Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims Approved by: Gawain Hammond & Maureen Bain Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

2. Respiration Imaging Quiz START! Canine

3. Choose a region… I want to x-ray the: –HeadHead –Larynx and Hyoid ApparatusLarynx and Hyoid Apparatus –Trachea and BronchiTrachea and Bronchi

4. The Head Do you want a: –Lateral viewLateral view –Dorso-ventral viewDorso-ventral view

5. The Head - Lateral What is A? –NasopharynxNasopharynx –Maxillary SinusMaxillary Sinus –Frontal SinusFrontal Sinus What is B? –Soft PalateSoft Palate –Hard PalateHard Palate –Nasal SeptumNasal Septum What is C? –Dorsal conchaeDorsal conchae –Ethmoidal conchaeEthmoidal conchae –VomerVomer A B C

6. Correct! Yes! This is the Frontal Sinus! Here are some more examples. Try part B

7.  Incorrect  No, this is not the nasopharynx! Here is the Nasopharynx: Try again!

8.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Maxillary Sinus! The dog does not have a true Maxillary Sinus; it has a Maxillary Recess which is not easily visible on radiographs. Try again!

9. Correct! Yes! This is the Hard Palate! Here are some more examples. Try part C

10.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Soft Palate! Here is the Soft Palate: Try again!

11.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Nasal Septum! The Nasal Septum is cartilagenous and so is not clearly visible on radiographs, except occasionally rostral to the Maxilla: Try again!

12. Correct Yes! This is the Dorsal Conchae! Here are some more examples. Do you want to: –See D/V head imagesSee D/V head images –Pick a new regionPick a new region

13.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Ethmoidal Conchae! Here are the Ethmoidal Conchae: Try again!

14.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Vomer! Here is the Vomer: It is not easily distinguished from the hard palate on radiographs. Try again!

15. The Head – D/V What is A? –Hard PalateHard Palate –VomerVomer –Ventral ConchaeVentral Conchae What is B? –Maxillary SinusMaxillary Sinus –NaresNares –Palatine FissurePalatine Fissure What is C? –Dorsal ConchaeDorsal Conchae –Nasal SeptumNasal Septum –PhiltrumPhiltrum A B C

16. Correct Yes! This is the Vomer! Here are some more examples. Try part B

17.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Hard Palate! This is the Hard Palate: Try again!

18.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Ventral Conchae! Ventral Conchae are not visible on dorso- ventral radiographs. Try again!

19. Correct Yes! This is the Palatine Fissure! Here are some more examples. Try part C

20.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Maxillary Sinus! The dog does not have a true Maxillary Sinus; it has a Maxillary Recess which is not easily visible on radiographs. Try again!

21.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Nares! The Nares are soft tissue structures, they are not easily visible on radiographs but are occasionally seen here: Try again!

22. Correct Yes! This is the Nasal Septum! Here are some more examples. Do you want to –See lateral head imagesSee lateral head images –Pick a new regionPick a new region

23.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Dorsal Conchae! The Dorsal Conchae are internal structures: Try again!

24.  Incorrect  No, this is not the Philtrum! The Philtrum is a fold of soft tissue between the nares and upper lip; it is not visible on radiographs. Try again!

25. Larynx & Hyoids Question 1

26. 1. A D C B E The hyoid bones have been labelled, which of the following is correct? A, B, C, D, E = Ceratohyoid, Epihyoid, Stylohyoid, Basihyoid, Thyrohyoid Stylohyoid, Epihyoid, Ceratohyoid, Basihyoid, Thyrohyoid Thyrohyoid, Basihyoid, Ceratohyoid, Epihyoid, Stylohyoid Stylohyoid, Epihyoid, Basihyoid, Ceratohyoid, Thyrohyoid

27.  Incorrect  Try Again!

28. Correct Well done! Here are some more examples of the Hyoid Bones: Now try Question 2 S E C B T

29. 2. What structures are shown in the circled area on this radiograph? A.The Laryngeal CartilagesThe Laryngeal Cartilages B.The Hyoid BonesThe Hyoid Bones C.The Tympanic BullaeThe Tympanic Bullae

30. Correct Yes! These are the Laryngeal Cartilages! They are: Epiglottis, Thyroid, Arytenoid, Cricoid As they are cartilagenous, they are not normally easy to see on radiographs. The larynx is composed of these cartilages and soft tissues which do not show up on x-rays, so is most easily located by using the hyoid bones. Back to Choose a region screen.Choose a region

31.  Incorrect  Try Again! These are not the Hyoid Bones. They appear as thin, linear bones. See Question 1 for views of the Hyoid bones.Question 1

32.  Incorrect  Try Again! These are not the Tympanic Bullae. They are the bones of the skull containing the middle ear space. Here are examples of the Tympanic Bullae:

33. Trachea and Bronchi Do you want: Normal Views Contrast Views

34. Lateral Thorax Although the lung field can be distinguished on this radiograph, the lungs themselves cannot be seen because: 1. The lungs are abnormal/diseasedThe lungs are abnormal/diseased 2.Gas shows up as black on radiographsGas shows up as black on radiographs 3.They are obscured by the heart.They are obscured by the heart. What is structure A? 1.The OesophagusThe Oesophagus 2.The Cranial Vena CavaThe Cranial Vena Cava 3.The TracheaThe Trachea A Back to Trachea and Bronchi

35. Correct Yes! Gas does not absorb x-rays, so the film behind gas filled structures such as the lungs is fully exposed and shows up as black. Here are some other examples of normal lungs: Back to Lateral ThoraxBack to Lateral Thorax Back to Choose a Region Back to Choose a Region

36. Incorrect No! These lungs are normal. Abnormal lungs show up as pale white and cloudy due to the presence of infected material or abnormal tissue growth. Here are some examples: Try Again!

37. Incorrect No! The heart is the grey soft-tissue structure in the centre of the thorax; although the lungs do wrap around the heart they extend far beyond it. Try Again!

38. Incorrect No! This is not the Oesophagus! The oesophagus is not rigid and is usually empty and collapsed on radiographs, making it hard to see. Try Again!

39. Incorrect No! This is not the Cranial Vena Cava. This structure is black, suggesting it is gas-filled. Try Again!

40. Correct Yes! This is the Trachea! It is easily recognised as it is gas filled and black. Further cranially it is sometimes possible to identify the Tracheal Cartilages:

41. Contrast View of Lungs (Feline) Which is the Trachea: A, B or C?ABC Which is the Bronchi: A, B, or C?ABC Which is the Bronchioles and Alveoli? A, B, or C?ABC Back to Trachea and Bronchi A B C

42. Correct Well done! This is the Trachea! Here are other examples: Oesophagus Try part B

43. Correct Well done! These are the Bronchi! Here is another example: Try part C

44. Correct Well done! These are the Bronchioles and Alveoli! Here are other examples: Back to Contrast Lung ViewBack to Contrast Lung View Back to choose a regionBack to choose a region

45.  Incorrect  Try Again!