1. Axial Skeleton

2. Skull
Cranial Bones
Facial Bones

3. Cranial Bones
Frontal Bone – Forms the forehead, the roofs of the orbits, and most of the anterior part of the cranial floor

5. Cranial Bones
Parietal Bones – form the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

7. Cranial Bones
Temporal Bones – Form the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

9. Cranial Bones
Occipital Bone – Forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium

11. Cranial Bones
Sphenoid Bone – Lies at the middle part of the base of the skull

15. Cranial Bones
Ethmoid Bone – a light, sponge-like bone located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits.

18. Facial Bones
Nasal Bones – meet at the midline and form part of the bridge of the nose

20. Facial Bones
Maxillae – unit to form the upper jaw.

22. Cleft Palate
If the maxillary bones do not unite during the weeks 10 to 12 of embryonic development, cleft palate occurs.

23. Facial Bones
Zygomatic Bones – (cheekbones) form the prominence of the cheeks and part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit.

25. Facial Bones
Lacrimal Bones – They are posterior and lateral to the nasal bones and form part of the medial wall of each orbit.

27. Facial Bones
Palatine Bones – They form the posterior part of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small part of the floor of the orbits.

29. Facial Bones
Inferior Nasal Concha – form a portion of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity and project into the nasal cavity

31. Facial Bones
Vomer – A rough triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity

33. Facial Bones
Mandible – lower jawbone

35. Nasal Septum Divides the nasal cavity into R. and L. sides
Consists of vomer, septal cartilage (hyaline cartilage), and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

37. Deviated nasal septum
This occurs when the nasal septum is deflected laterally from the midline of the nose

38. Orbits Made up of seven bones; Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Maxilla

40. Paranasal Sinus
Paired cavities found in the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary

41. Paranasal Sinus
Lined with mucous membranes that are continuous with the lining of the nasal cavity

42. Fontanels
Soft spots – membrane filled spaces

43. Fontanels
Allow rapid growth of brain during infancy

44. Fontanels
Allow skull to change shape as it passes through the birth canal

45. Fontanels
Bone ossification occurs via intramembranous

46. Hyoid Bone
Between mandible and larynx

48. Hyoid Bone
Not adam’s apple

49. Hyoid Bone
Suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bones by ligaments and muscles.

51. Hyoid Bone
Some tongue muscles attach here

52. Vertebral Column 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum – five fused vertebrae
Coccyx – four fused vertebrae

53. Normal Curves
Cervical and lumbar are convex (bulging out)

55. Normal Curves
Thoracic and sacral are concave (cupping in)

57. Sternum Breastbone Superior part – manubrium Middle part – body
Inferior part – xiphoid process

59. Ribs
12 pairs

61. Ribs
1 – 7 pairs increase in size
8 – 12 pairs decrease in size

63. Ribs 1 – 7 true ribs (costal cartilage directly attaches to sternum)
8 – 12 false ribs (indirect attachment or not at all)

65. Ribs
11 – 12 floating ribs (no attachment to sternum)