1. REPORTED SPEECH =DISCORSO INDIRETTO

2. Per il DISCORSO DIRETTO usiamo solo..... ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she said. SAY or TELL? SAY ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she told. ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she said to me. ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she told me. Per il DISCORSO INDIRETTO usiamo..... SAY se non si specifica a chi si sta parlando She said (that) she was going to buy a new car. She told (that) she was going to buy a new car. TELL She told me (that) she was going to buy a new car. se si specifica a chi si sta parlando She said to me (that) she was going to buy a new car.( )

3. Se il discorso indiretto è introdotto dal verbo ‘dire’ al PRESENTE, i tempi verbali NON cambiano. Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha always says to me: ‘I love the way you dress’. Martha always tells me (that) she loves the way I dress. Martha mi dice sempre: ‘Mi piace tanto come ti vesti’. Martha mi dice sempre che le piace tanto come mi vesto. Ovviamente cambiano i pronomi personali (o eventualmente gli aggettivi possessivi) per dare senso alla frase.

4. Se il discorso indiretto è introdotto dal verbo ‘dire’ al PASSATO, i tempi verbali cambiano. Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha said: ‘I AM EATING too much’. Martha said (that) she WALKED to school every day. Si fa il cosiddetto SALTO nel PASSATO. SIMPLE PRESENTSIMPLE PAST Martha said: ‘I WALK to school every day’. Martha said (that) she WAS EATING too much. PRESENT CONTINUOUSPAST CONTINUOUS

5. Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha said: ‘I HAVE just BEEN to London’. Martha said (that) she HAD BOUGHT a new mobile. SIMPLE PASTPAST PERFECT Martha said: ‘I BOUGHT a new mobile’. Martha said (that) she HAD never BEEN to Spain before. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT Martha said (that) she HAD just BEEN to London. PAST PERFECT Martha said: ‘I HAD never BEEN to Spain before’. PAST PERFECT

6. Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha said (that) she HAD BEEN LIVING in Paris for a year. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Martha said: ‘I HAVE BEEN LIVING in Paris for a year.’. WOULD Martha said: ‘I WILL STUDY more.’ WILL Martha said (that) she WOULD STUDY more. Martha ha detto: ‘Studierò di più.’ Martha ha detto che avrebbe studiato di più. Errore tipico Martha said (that) she WOULD HAVE STUDIED more.

7. Martha said to me: ‘DON’T MAKE noise’. Martha told me TO STUDY more. IMPERATIVE TO + BASE FORM Martha said to me: ‘STUDY more!’ Martha told me NOT TO MAKE noise. NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE NOT + TO + BASE FORM Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO?

8. Martha TOLD ME TO STUDY more. Martha ORDERED ME TO STUDY more. Martha ADVISED ME TO STUDY more. mi ha ordinato mi ha consigliato Martha WARNED ME TO STUDY more.mi ha avvisato Martha REMINDED ME TO STUDY more. mi ha ricordato Martha SUGGESTED (that) I should study more. mi ha suggerito mi ha detto Martha ENCOURAGED ME TO STUDY more. mi ha incoraggiato mi ha persuaso Martha PERSUADED ME TO STUDY more. Martha SUGGESTED (that) I studied more. Martha SUGGESTED (that) I study more.

9. DOMANDE nel DISCORSO INDIRETTO Martha asked me where I lived. Martha asked me: ‘Where do you live?’ WH- questions Martha asked me: ‘What is your job?’ Martha asked me what my job was. Yes/No questions Martha asked me: ‘Do you speak French?’ Martha asked me IF I spoke French. Martha asked me WHETHER I spoke French. Le domande diventano indirette, quindi...... si costruiscono come le frasi affermative.

10. I said: ‘No, I haven’t broken the vase’. Martha ACCUSED me Martha said to me: ‘You’ve broken the vase!’ I DENIED Altri verbi che si usano per introdurre il DISCORSO INDIRETTO OFING OF BREAKING the vase. ING BREAKING the vase. I said: ‘I’m sorry I’ve broken the vase’. I APOLOGISED FORING FOR BREAKING the vase. Martha INSISTED Martha said several times: ‘I want to see the vase!’ ONING ON SEEING the vase. I said: ‘Ok. I’ll show you the vase!’ I AGREED TO SHOW her the vase.